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Recycling of Plastic Waste, with Particular Emphasis on Thermal Methods—Review

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  • Agnieszka Kijo-Kleczkowska

    (Department of Thermal Machinery, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland)

  • Adam Gnatowski

    (Department of Technology and Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland)

Abstract

The civilization development requires improvement of technologies and satisfaction of people’s needs on the one side, but on the other one it is directly connected with the increasing production of waste. In this paper, the authors dealt with the second of these aspects, reviewing the recycling of plastic waste, which can be processed without changing its chemical structure (mechanical recycling), and with changing its chemical structure (chemical recycling, of which thermal recycling). Mechanical recycling involves shredding the waste in order to obtain recyclate or regranulate that meets specific quality requirements. Chemical recycling consists of the degradation of the material into low-molecular compounds, and it can take place in the processes of hydrolysis, glycolysis, methanolysis by means of chemical solvents, and during thermal processes of hydrocracking, gasification, pyrolysis, combustion, enabling the recovery of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons foundings in application as a fuel in the energy and cement-lime industry and enabling the recovery of thermal energy contained in plastics. The paper focuses on thermal methods of plastics recycling that become more important due to legal regulations limiting the landfilling of waste. The authors also took up the properties of plastics and their production in European conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Agnieszka Kijo-Kleczkowska & Adam Gnatowski, 2022. "Recycling of Plastic Waste, with Particular Emphasis on Thermal Methods—Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-21, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:6:p:2114-:d:770794
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Brems, Anke & Baeyens, Jan & Beerlandt, Johan & Dewil, Raf, 2011. "Thermogravimetric pyrolysis of waste polyethylene-terephthalate and polystyrene: A critical assessment of kinetics modelling," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(8), pages 772-781.
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    4. Li, Dan & Lei, Shijun & Wang, Ping & Zhong, Lei & Ma, Wenchao & Chen, Guanyi, 2021. "Study on the pyrolysis behaviors of mixed waste plastics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 662-674.
    5. Monika Kosowska-Golachowska & Adam Luckos & Agnieszka Kijo-Kleczkowska, 2022. "Pollutant Emissions during Oxy-Fuel Combustion of Biomass in a Bench Scale CFB Combustor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-23, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sayaka Ono & Harshi Tharangika Sirisena Aluthduwe Hewage & Chettiyappan Visvanathan, 2023. "Towards Plastic Circularity: Current Practices in Plastic Waste Management in Japan and Sri Lanka," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-14, May.
    2. Salma Taqi Ghulam & Hatem Abushammala, 2023. "Challenges and Opportunities in the Management of Electronic Waste and Its Impact on Human Health and Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-22, January.
    3. Kijo-Kleczkowska, Agnieszka & Gnatowski, Adam & Krzywanski, Jaroslaw & Gajek, Marcin & Szumera, Magdalena & Tora, Barbara & Kogut, Krzysztof & Knaś, Krzysztof, 2024. "Experimental research and prediction of heat generation during plastics, coal and biomass waste combustion using thermal analysis methods," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    4. Magdalena Skrzyniarz & Marcin Sajdak & Monika Zajemska & Anna Biniek-Poskart & Józef Iwaszko & Andrzej Skibiński, 2023. "Possibilities of RDF Pyrolysis Products Utilization in the Face of the Energy Crisis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-19, September.
    5. Aleksander Sobolewski & Tomasz Chmielniak & Joanna Bigda & Tomasz Billig & Rafał Fryza & Józef Popowicz, 2022. "Closing of Carbon Cycle by Waste Gasification for Circular Economy Implementation in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-23, July.

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