IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i3p983-d737147.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Multistage Optimization toward a Nearly Net Zero Energy Building Due to Climate Change

Author

Listed:
  • Kimiya Aram

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technical and Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran)

  • Roohollah Taherkhani

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technical and Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran)

  • Agnė Šimelytė

    (Department of Economics Engineering, Faculty of Business Management, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10221 Vilnius, Lithuania)

Abstract

Climate change is one of the major problems of the planet. The atmosphere is overloaded with carbon dioxide caused by fossil fuels that are burned for energy. Almost 40 percent of the total energy worldwide is used by the building sector, which comes from non-renewable sources and contributes up to 30% of annual greenhouse gas emissions globally. The building sector in Iran accounts for 33.8% of Iran’s total energy usage. Within the building sector, the energy consumption of Iranian educational buildings is 2.5 times higher than educational buildings in developed countries. One of the most effective ways of reducing global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions is retrofitting existing buildings. This study aims to investigate whether a particular energy-optimized design under the present climate conditions would respond effectively to future climate change. This can help designers make a better decision on an optimal model, which can remain optimal over the years based on climate change. For methodological purposes, multistage optimization was used to retrofit an existing educational building. Specifically, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was chosen to minimize the cooling and heating load, as well as consider investment costs for present and future weather files, using the jEPlus tool. Furthermore, the TOPSIS method was used to identify the best set of retrofit measures. For this purpose, a four-story educational building in Tehran was modeled on Design Builder software v7.0.0.116 as a case study to provide a better understanding for researchers of how to effectively retrofit a building to achieve a nearly zero energy building considering climate change. The results show that the optimized solution for the present weather file does not remain the optimized solution in 2080. Moreover, it is shown that to have an optimized building in regard to future weather files, the model should be designed for the future weather conditions. This study shows that if the building becomes optimized using the present weather file the total energy consumption will be reduced by 65.14% and 86.18% if using the future weather file. These two figures are obtained by implementing active and passive measures and show the priority of using the future weather file for designers. Using PV panels also, this building is capable of becoming a nearly net zero building, which would produce about 90% of its own energy demands.

Suggested Citation

  • Kimiya Aram & Roohollah Taherkhani & Agnė Šimelytė, 2022. "Multistage Optimization toward a Nearly Net Zero Energy Building Due to Climate Change," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-21, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:3:p:983-:d:737147
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/3/983/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/3/983/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wan, Kevin K.W. & Li, Danny H.W. & Pan, Wenyan & Lam, Joseph C., 2012. "Impact of climate change on building energy use in different climate zones and mitigation and adaptation implications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 274-282.
    2. Chai, Jiale & Huang, Pei & Sun, Yongjun, 2019. "Investigations of climate change impacts on net-zero energy building lifecycle performance in typical Chinese climate regions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 176-189.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Anna Szymczak-Graczyk & Gabriela Gajewska & Ireneusz Laks & Wojciech Kostrzewski, 2022. "Influence of Variable Moisture Conditions on the Value of the Thermal Conductivity of Selected Insulation Materials Used in Passive Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-17, April.
    2. Łukasz Witanowski, 2024. "Optimization of an Organic Rankine Cycle–Vapor Compression Cycle System for Electricity and Cooling Production from Low-Grade Waste Heat," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-19, November.
    3. Hoda Ramezani & Ehsan Reza, 2022. "The Consequence of Combining Indigenous Techniques with a Flexible Design to Reduce Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings for Future Architecture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-15, October.
    4. Hao Wang & Quan Liu & Hongyang Zhang & Yinlong Jin & Wenzhen Yu, 2022. "A Two-Stage Decision-Making Method Based on WebGIS for Bulk Material Transportation of Hydropower Construction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-21, February.
    5. Zihan Zhang & Wanjiang Wang & Junkang Song & Zhe Wang & Weiyi Wang, 2022. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Ultra-Low Energy Consumption Buildings in Severely Cold Regions Considering Life Cycle Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-17, December.
    6. Łukasz Witanowski, 2024. "Multi-Objective Optimization of a Small-Scale ORC-VCC System Using Low-GWP Refrigerants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-18, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sánchez, M.N. & Soutullo, S. & Olmedo, R. & Bravo, D. & Castaño, S. & Jiménez, M.J., 2020. "An experimental methodology to assess the climate impact on the energy performance of buildings: A ten-year evaluation in temperate and cold desert areas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    2. Bartosz Radomski & Tomasz Mróz, 2023. "Application of the Hybrid MCDM Method for Energy Modernisation of an Existing Public Building—A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-18, April.
    3. Anna Szymczak-Graczyk & Gabriela Gajewska & Ireneusz Laks & Wojciech Kostrzewski, 2022. "Influence of Variable Moisture Conditions on the Value of the Thermal Conductivity of Selected Insulation Materials Used in Passive Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-17, April.
    4. Bell, N.O. & Bilbao, J.I. & Kay, M. & Sproul, A.B., 2022. "Future climate scenarios and their impact on heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system design and performance for commercial buildings for 2050," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    5. Cui, Ying & Yan, Da & Hong, Tianzhen & Xiao, Chan & Luo, Xuan & Zhang, Qi, 2017. "Comparison of typical year and multiyear building simulations using a 55-year actual weather data set from China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 890-904.
    6. Moazami, Amin & Nik, Vahid M. & Carlucci, Salvatore & Geving, Stig, 2019. "Impacts of future weather data typology on building energy performance – Investigating long-term patterns of climate change and extreme weather conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 696-720.
    7. Bai, Lujian & Wang, Shusheng, 2019. "Definition of new thermal climate zones for building energy efficiency response to the climate change during the past decades in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 709-719.
    8. Baglivo, Cristina & Congedo, Paolo Maria & Murrone, Graziano & Lezzi, Dalila, 2022. "Long-term predictive energy analysis of a high-performance building in a mediterranean climate under climate change," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
    9. Liu, Zhijian & Liu, Yuanwei & He, Bao-Jie & Xu, Wei & Jin, Guangya & Zhang, Xutao, 2019. "Application and suitability analysis of the key technologies in nearly zero energy buildings in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 329-345.
    10. Kharseh, Mohamad & Altorkmany, Lobna & Al-Khawaja, Mohammed & Hassani, Ferri, 2015. "Analysis of the effect of global climate change on ground source heat pump systems in different climate categories," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 219-225.
    11. Chai, Jiale & Huang, Pei & Sun, Yongjun, 2019. "Investigations of climate change impacts on net-zero energy building lifecycle performance in typical Chinese climate regions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 176-189.
    12. Nagy, Karoly & Körmendi, Krisztina, 2012. "Use of renewable energy sources in light of the “New Energy Strategy for Europe 2011–2020”," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 393-399.
    13. Zhang, Xiaofeng & Su, Junjie & Jiao, Fan & Zeng, Rong & Pan, Jinjun & He, Xu & Deng, Qiaolin & Li, Hongqiang, 2024. "Performance investigation and operation optimization of an innovative hybrid renewable energy integration system for commercial building complex and hydrogen vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    14. Tung, Ching-Pin & Tseng, Tze-Chi & Huang, An-Lei & Liu, Tzu-Ming & Hu, Ming-Che, 2013. "Impact of climate change on Taiwanese power market determined using linear complementarity model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 432-439.
    15. Huang, Kuo-Tsang & Hwang, Ruey-Lung, 2016. "Future trends of residential building cooling energy and passive adaptation measures to counteract climate change: The case of Taiwan," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1230-1240.
    16. Tarroja, Brian & Chiang, Felicia & AghaKouchak, Amir & Samuelsen, Scott & Raghavan, Shuba V. & Wei, Max & Sun, Kaiyu & Hong, Tianzhen, 2018. "Translating climate change and heating system electrification impacts on building energy use to future greenhouse gas emissions and electric grid capacity requirements in California," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 522-534.
    17. Niu, Jide & Tian, Zhe & Yue, Lu, 2020. "Robust optimal design of building cooling sources considering the uncertainty and cross-correlation of demand and source," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    18. Zhang, Sheng & Liu, Jun & Zhang, Xia & Wang, Fenghao, 2024. "Properly shortening design time scale of medium-deep borehole heat exchanger for high building heating performances with high computational efficiency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    19. Yuanzheng Li & Wenjing Wang & Yating Wang & Yashu Xin & Tian He & Guosong Zhao, 2020. "A Review of Studies Involving the Effects of Climate Change on the Energy Consumption for Building Heating and Cooling," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-18, December.
    20. Mottaghizadeh, Pegah & Jabbari, Faryar & Brouwer, Jack, 2022. "Integrated solid oxide fuel cell, solar PV, and battery storage system to achieve zero net energy residential nanogrid in California," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:3:p:983-:d:737147. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.