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The Impact of HVAC on the Development of Autonomous and Electric Vehicle Concepts

Author

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  • Adrian König

    (Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany)

  • Sebastian Mayer

    (Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany)

  • Lorenzo Nicoletti

    (Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany)

  • Stephan Tumphart

    (Magna Powertrain, Engineering Center Steyr, 4300 St. Valentin, Austria)

  • Markus Lienkamp

    (Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany)

Abstract

Automation and electrification are changing vehicles and mobility. Whereas electrification is mainly changing the powertrain, automation enables the rethinking of the vehicle and its applications. The actual driving range is an important requirement for the design of automated and electric vehicles, especially if they are part of a fleet. To size the battery accordingly, not only the consumption of the powertrain has to be estimated, but also that of the auxiliary users. Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is one of the biggest auxiliary consumers. Thus, a variable HVAC model for vehicles with electric powertrain was developed to estimate the consumption depending on vehicle size and weather scenario. After integrating the model into a tool for autonomous and electric vehicle concept development, various vehicle concepts were simulated in different weather scenarios and driving cycles with the HVAC consumption considered for battery sizing. The results indicate that the battery must be resized significantly depending on the weather scenario to achieve the same driving ranges. Furthermore, the percentage of HVAC consumption is in some cases higher than that of the powertrain for urban driving cycles, due to lower average speeds. Thus, the HVAC and its energy demand should especially be considered in the development of autonomous and electric vehicles that are primarily used in cities.

Suggested Citation

  • Adrian König & Sebastian Mayer & Lorenzo Nicoletti & Stephan Tumphart & Markus Lienkamp, 2022. "The Impact of HVAC on the Development of Autonomous and Electric Vehicle Concepts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-20, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:2:p:441-:d:720666
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Monika Stoma & Agnieszka Dudziak & Jacek Caban & Paweł Droździel, 2021. "The Future of Autonomous Vehicles in the Opinion of Automotive Market Users," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-19, August.
    2. Thomas Grube & Detlef Stolten, 2018. "The Impact of Drive Cycles and Auxiliary Power on Passenger Car Fuel Economy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-26, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Shantanu Pardhi & Sajib Chakraborty & Dai-Duong Tran & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Steven Wilkins & Omar Hegazy, 2022. "A Review of Fuel Cell Powertrains for Long-Haul Heavy-Duty Vehicles: Technology, Hydrogen, Energy and Thermal Management Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-55, December.
    2. Ju Yeong Kwon & Jung Kyung Kim & Hyunjin Lee & Dongchan Lee & Da Young Ju, 2023. "A Comprehensive Overview of Basic Research on Human Thermal Management in Future Mobility: Considerations, Challenges, and Methods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-20, April.

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