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Underwater Wireless Charging System of Unmanned Surface Vehicles with High Power, Large Misalignment Tolerance and Light Weight: Analysis, Design and Optimization

Author

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  • Songyan Niu

    (Southern University of Science and Technology Jiaxing Research Institute, Jiaxing 314000, China
    Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
    Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China)

  • Qingyu Zhao

    (Southern University of Science and Technology Jiaxing Research Institute, Jiaxing 314000, China
    Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China)

  • Haibiao Chen

    (Southern University of Science and Technology Jiaxing Research Institute, Jiaxing 314000, China
    Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China)

  • Hang Yu

    (Southern University of Science and Technology Jiaxing Research Institute, Jiaxing 314000, China)

  • Shuangxia Niu

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China)

  • Linni Jian

    (Southern University of Science and Technology Jiaxing Research Institute, Jiaxing 314000, China
    Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China)

Abstract

Wireless charging systems (WCSs) are considered very appropriate to recharge underwater surface vehicles (USVs) due to their safe, flexible, and cost-effective characteristics. The small depth of immersion of USVs allows a WCS operated at an mm-level distance using a dock. Resultant tight coupling between the transmitter and receiver is conducive to high power, yet faces a challenge to alleviating misalignment sensitivity. In addition, considering USVs’ endurance, the weight of a WCS should be strictly limited. In this paper, a 6.0 kW underwater WCS is analyzed, designed, and optimized, which achieves a good balance of power capacity, misalignment tolerance, and onboard weight. A multi-receiving-coil structure is employed, which is crucial to large misalignment tolerance. On this basis, two types of coils adapting the hull shape of USV, viz., curved and quasi-curved coils, are devised and compared in case the hydrodynamic performance of USV is degraded. Finally, the weight of receiver is effectively reduced using bar-shaped ferrite without sacrificing the power capacity of WCSs. The results indicate a merely 8.73% drop in coupling coefficient with misalignment ranging from 0 to 100 mm. Moreover, ferrite use is reduced by 40.48 kg compared to a ferrite sheet, which accounts for 50.28% weight of the receiver.

Suggested Citation

  • Songyan Niu & Qingyu Zhao & Haibiao Chen & Hang Yu & Shuangxia Niu & Linni Jian, 2022. "Underwater Wireless Charging System of Unmanned Surface Vehicles with High Power, Large Misalignment Tolerance and Light Weight: Analysis, Design and Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-19, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:24:p:9529-:d:1004750
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Niu, Songyan & Yu, Hang & Niu, Shuangxia & Jian, Linni, 2020. "Power loss analysis and thermal assessment on wireless electric vehicle charging technology: The over-temperature risk of ground assembly needs attention," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    2. Bi, Zicheng & Kan, Tianze & Mi, Chunting Chris & Zhang, Yiming & Zhao, Zhengming & Keoleian, Gregory A., 2016. "A review of wireless power transfer for electric vehicles: Prospects to enhance sustainable mobility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 413-425.
    3. Jeong-Sang Yoo & Yong-Man Gil & Tae-Young Ahn, 2022. "Steady-State Analysis and Optimal Design of an LLC Resonant Converter Considering Internal Loss Resistance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-19, November.
    4. Niu, Songyan & Xu, Haiqi & Sun, Zhirui & Shao, Z.Y. & Jian, Linni, 2019. "The state-of-the-arts of wireless electric vehicle charging via magnetic resonance: principles, standards and core technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    5. Mariusz Specht & Andrzej Stateczny & Cezary Specht & Szymon Widźgowski & Oktawia Lewicka & Marta Wiśniewska, 2021. "Concept of an Innovative Autonomous Unmanned System for Bathymetric Monitoring of Shallow Waterbodies (INNOBAT System)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-18, August.
    6. Łukasz Marchel & Cezary Specht & Mariusz Specht, 2020. "Assessment of the Steering Precision of a Hydrographic USV along Sounding Profiles Using a High-Precision GNSS RTK Receiver Supported Autopilot," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-19, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kai Song & Yu Lan & Xian Zhang & Jinhai Jiang & Chuanyu Sun & Guang Yang & Fengshuo Yang & Hao Lan, 2023. "A Review on Interoperability of Wireless Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-22, February.

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