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Advances in Cryogenic Fracturing of Coalbed Methane Reservoirs with LN 2

Author

Listed:
  • Sotirios Nik. Longinos

    (Department of Petroleum Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan)

  • Lei Wang

    (Department of Petroleum Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
    College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China)

  • Randy Hazlett

    (Department of Petroleum Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan)

Abstract

Coalbed methane (CBM) is a significant unconventional natural gas resource existing in matrix pores and fractures of coal seams and is a cleaner energy resource compared to coal and crude oil. To produce CBM, stimulation operations are required, given that the coal permeability is generally too low. Hydraulic fracturing is the most widely used technology for reservoir stimulation; however, there are a few challenging issues associated with it, e.g., huge water consumption. In the past decade, the use of liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) as a fracturing fluid has been intensively studied for stimulating CBM reservoirs, achieving considerable progress in understanding fracturing mechanisms and optimizing fracturing techniques. This paper presents a thorough review of experimental design and observations, modeling procedures and results, field applications, and published patents. Existing studies are divided into five different groups for discussion and comparison, including immersion tests, injection tests, jet drilling tests, numerical modeling, and field applications. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the outcomes, it is obvious that cryogenic fracturing using LN 2 is a promising eco-friendly fracturing technique that can effectively enhance coal rock permeability to increase the production of CBM.

Suggested Citation

  • Sotirios Nik. Longinos & Lei Wang & Randy Hazlett, 2022. "Advances in Cryogenic Fracturing of Coalbed Methane Reservoirs with LN 2," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-21, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:24:p:9464-:d:1002659
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yang, Ruiyue & Hong, Chunyang & Huang, Zhongwei & Song, Xianzhi & Zhang, Shikun & Wen, Haitao, 2019. "Coal breakage using abrasive liquid nitrogen jet and its implications for coalbed methane recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    2. Boudet, Hilary & Clarke, Christopher & Bugden, Dylan & Maibach, Edward & Roser-Renouf, Connie & Leiserowitz, Anthony, 2014. "“Fracking” controversy and communication: Using national survey data to understand public perceptions of hydraulic fracturing," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 57-67.
    3. M. S. Liew & Kamaluddeen Usman Danyaro & Noor Amila Wan Abdullah Zawawi, 2020. "A Comprehensive Guide to Different Fracturing Technologies: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-20, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mingyue Jia & Wenhui Huang & Yuan Li, 2023. "Quantitative Characterization of Pore Structure Parameters in Coal Based on Image Processing and SEM Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-19, February.

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