IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i23p9205-d993624.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

R&D Human Capital, Renewable Energy and CO 2 Emissions: Evidence from 26 Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Grzegorz Mentel

    (Department of Quantitative Methods, The Faculty of Management, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Waldemar Tarczyński

    (Department of Sustainable Finance and Capital Markets, Institute of Economics and Finance, University of Szczecin, 71-101 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Hossein Azadi

    (Department of Economics and Rural Development, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
    Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
    Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Kalandar Abdurakmanov

    (Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent 100066, Uzbekistan)

  • Elina Zakirova

    (Institute of Additional Education, Ural State University of Economics, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia)

  • Raufhon Salahodjaev

    (Center for Research in Social Sciences, AKFA University, Tashkent 111221, Uzbekistan
    Department of Research, ERGO Analytics, Tashkent 100022, Uzbekistan
    Department of Mathematical Method in Economics, Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent 100022, Uzbekistan)

Abstract

This study examines the long-term relationship between carbon emissions and a number of researchers engaged in Research and Development (R&D), economic development, foreign capital inflows, renewable energy and population growth in 26 countries between 1995 and 2015. Pedroni’s panel cointegration test confirms the cointegrating relationship between the variables. Long-term elasticities are derived from FMOLS regression. Researchers in R&D and renewable energy are negatively and significantly related to carbon emissions. There is a positive and significant long-term relationship between GDPs per capita and CO 2 and between the FDI and CO 2 . Dumitrescu and Hurlin’s panel causality test revealed unidirectional causality running from economic development to carbon emissions and feedback hypotheses between the FDI and CO 2 and between renewable energy and CO 2 .

Suggested Citation

  • Grzegorz Mentel & Waldemar Tarczyński & Hossein Azadi & Kalandar Abdurakmanov & Elina Zakirova & Raufhon Salahodjaev, 2022. "R&D Human Capital, Renewable Energy and CO 2 Emissions: Evidence from 26 Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:23:p:9205-:d:993624
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/23/9205/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/23/9205/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yao, Yao & Ivanovski, Kris & Inekwe, John & Smyth, Russell, 2020. "Human capital and CO2 emissions in the long run," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    2. Shihong Zeng & Ya Zhou, 2021. "Foreign Direct Investment’s Impact on China’s Economic Growth, Technological Innovation and Pollution," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-24, March.
    3. Álvarez-Herránz, Agustín & Balsalobre, Daniel & Cantos, José María & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2017. "Energy Innovations-GHG Emissions Nexus: Fresh Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 90-100.
    4. Dumitrescu, Elena-Ivona & Hurlin, Christophe, 2012. "Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 1450-1460.
    5. Ozturk, Ilhan & Acaravci, Ali, 2013. "The long-run and causal analysis of energy, growth, openness and financial development on carbon emissions in Turkey," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 262-267.
    6. Im, Kyung So & Pesaran, M. Hashem & Shin, Yongcheol, 2003. "Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 115(1), pages 53-74, July.
    7. Yue‐Jun Zhang & Wei Shi & Lin Jiang, 2020. "Does China's carbon emissions trading policy improve the technology innovation of relevant enterprises?," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(3), pages 872-885, March.
    8. Peter Pedroni, 1999. "Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(S1), pages 653-670, November.
    9. repec:bla:obuest:v:61:y:1999:i:0:p:631-52 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Zhang, Yue-Jun & Peng, Yu-Lu & Ma, Chao-Qun & Shen, Bo, 2017. "Can environmental innovation facilitate carbon emissions reduction? Evidence from China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 18-28.
    11. Yu Hao & Yi-Ming Liu, 2015. "Has the development of FDI and foreign trade contributed to China’s CO 2 emissions? An empirical study with provincial panel data," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 76(2), pages 1079-1091, March.
    12. Garrone, Paola & Grilli, Luca, 2010. "Is there a relationship between public expenditures in energy R&D and carbon emissions per GDP? An empirical investigation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(10), pages 5600-5613, October.
    13. Karavias, Yiannis & Tzavalis, Elias, 2014. "Testing for unit roots in short panels allowing for a structural break," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 391-407.
    14. David Calef & Robert Goble, 2007. "The allure of technology: How France and California promoted electric and hybrid vehicles to reduce urban air pollution," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 40(1), pages 1-34, March.
    15. Xi Lin & Yongle Zhao & Mahmood Ahmad & Zahoor Ahmed & Husam Rjoub & Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo, 2021. "Linking Innovative Human Capital, Economic Growth, and CO 2 Emissions: An Empirical Study Based on Chinese Provincial Panel Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-18, August.
    16. Eshchanov, Bahtiyor & Abdurazzakova, Dilnovoz & Yuldashev, Oybek & Salahodjaev, Raufhon & Ahrorov, Farkhod & Komilov, Asliddin & Eshchanov, Ruzumboy, 2021. "Is there a link between cognitive abilities and renewable energy adoption: Evidence from Uzbekistan using micro data," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    17. Nihal Ahmed & Adnan Ahmed Sheikh & Zeeshan Hamid & Piotr Senkus & Ricardo Cosio Borda & Aneta Wysokińska-Senkus & Waldemar Glabiszewski, 2022. "Exploring the Causal Relationship among Green Taxes, Energy Intensity, and Energy Consumption in Nordic Countries: Dumitrescu and Hurlin Causality Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-15, July.
    18. G. S. Maddala & Shaowen Wu, 1999. "A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(S1), pages 631-652, November.
    19. Kirikkaleli, Dervis & Athari, Seyed Alireza, 2020. "Time-frequency co-movements between bank credit supply and economic growth in an emerging market: Does the bank ownership structure matter?," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    20. repec:bla:obuest:v:61:y:1999:i:0:p:653-70 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. Levin, Andrew & Lin, Chien-Fu & James Chu, Chia-Shang, 2002. "Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 108(1), pages 1-24, May.
    22. Gu, Gaoxiang & Wang, Zheng, 2018. "Research on global carbon abatement driven by R&D investment in the context of INDCs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 662-675.
    23. Breitung, Jorg, 2002. "Nonparametric tests for unit roots and cointegration," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 108(2), pages 343-363, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Qi Xu & Salim Khan, 2023. "How Do R&D and Renewable Energy Consumption Lead to Carbon Neutrality? Evidence from G-7 Economies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Nina Petrukha & Oleh Nazukov, 2024. "Human Capital in the Post-War Recovery of the Energy Industry," Oblik i finansi, Institute of Accounting and Finance, issue 2, pages 140-149, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sinha, Avik & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Balsalobre, Daniel, 2017. "Exploring the Relationship between Energy Usage Segregation and Environmental Degradation in N-11 Countries," MPRA Paper 81212, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 07 Sep 2017.
    2. Bui Hoang Ngoc, 2022. "Do Tourism Development and Globalization Reinforce Ecological Footprint? Evidence From RCEP Countries," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(4), pages 21582440221, December.
    3. Muhammad Bilal Khan & Hummera Saleem & Malik Shahzad Shabbir & Xie Huobao, 2022. "The effects of globalization, energy consumption and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in South Asian countries," Energy & Environment, , vol. 33(1), pages 107-134, February.
    4. Ortiz, Cristian & Alvarado, Rafael & Salinas, Aldo, 2019. "The effect of military spending on output: New evidence at the global and country group levels using panel data cointegration techniques," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 402-414.
    5. Mario Gómez & José Carlos Rodríguez, 2020. "The Ecological Footprint and Kuznets Environmental Curve in the USMCA Countries: A Method of Moments Quantile Regression Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-15, December.
    6. Taner Akan & Halil İbrahim Gündüz & Tara Vanlı & Ahmet Baran Zeren & Ali Haydar Işık & Tamerlan Mashadihasanli, 2023. "Why are some countries cleaner than others? New evidence from macroeconomic governance," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(7), pages 6167-6223, July.
    7. Ogali, Oscar I.O. & Okoro, Emeka E. & Olafuyi, Saburi G., 2023. "Assessing consensus on nexus between natural gas consumption and economic growth," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    8. Wilman-Santiago Ochoa-Moreno & Byron Alejandro Quito & Carlos Andrés Moreno-Hurtado, 2021. "Foreign Direct Investment and Environmental Quality: Revisiting the EKC in Latin American Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-18, November.
    9. Campo, Jacobo & Mendoza, Henry, 2018. "Gasto público y crecimiento económico: un análisis regional para Colombia, 1984-2012," Revista Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, issue 88, pages 77-108, January.
    10. Karmaker, Shamal Chandra & Hosan, Shahadat & Chapman, Andrew J. & Saha, Bidyut Baran, 2021. "The role of environmental taxes on technological innovation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    11. Usman, Muhammad & Makhdum, Muhammad Sohail Amjad, 2021. "What abates ecological footprint in BRICS-T region? Exploring the influence of renewable energy, non-renewable energy, agriculture, forest area and financial development," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 12-28.
    12. Iheonu, Chimere & Asongu, Simplice & Odo, Kingsley & Ojiem, Patrick, 2020. "Financial Sector Development and Investment in Selected ECOWAS Countries: Empirical Evidence using Heterogeneous Panel Data Method," MPRA Paper 107102, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Prempeh Kwadwo Boateng & Frimpong Joseph Magnus & Yeboah Samuel Asuamah, 2024. "The dynamics of financial development, environmental degradation, economic growth and population health in the Economic Community of West African States," Environmental & Socio-economic Studies, Sciendo, vol. 12(2), pages 13-27.
    14. Xiaoxia Shi & Haiyun Liu & Joshua Sunday Riti, 2019. "The role of energy mix and financial development in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions’ reduction: evidence from ten leading CO2 emitting countries," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 36(3), pages 695-729, October.
    15. Kirikkaleli, Dervis & Sokri, Abderrahmane & Candemir, Mehmet & Ertugrul, Hasan Murat, 2017. "Panel cointegration: Long-run relationship between internet, electricity consumption and economic growth. Evidence from OECD countries," MPRA Paper 114709, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Rajesh Sharma & Samaresh Bardhan, 2017. "Finance growth nexus across Indian states: evidences from panel cointegration and causality tests," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 50(1), pages 1-20, February.
    17. Omri, Anis, 2018. "Entrepreneurship, sectoral outputs and environmental improvement: International evidence," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 46-55.
    18. Edmore Mahembe & Nicholas Mbaya Odhiambo, 2019. "Foreign aid, poverty and economic growth in developing countries: A dynamic panel data causality analysis," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(1), pages 1626321-162, January.
    19. Chen, Ming & Chen, Junying, 2023. "Natural resources extraction in emerging economies: Does it promote sustainable development or crowd-out real sector?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    20. Md zulquar Nain & Sai sailaja Bharatam & Bandi Kamaiah, 2017. "Electricity consumption and NSDP nexus in Indian states: a panel analysis with structural breaks," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 37(3), pages 1581-1601.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:23:p:9205-:d:993624. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.