IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i21p7990-d955264.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of Hydrogen on Natural Gas Compositions to Meet Engine Gas Quality Requirements

Author

Listed:
  • Christina Ingo

    (Wärtsilä Finland Oy, P.O. Box 244, 65101 Vaasa, Finland
    Faculty of Science and Engineering, Energy Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Rantakatu 2, 65100 Vaasa, Finland)

  • Jessica Tuuf

    (Faculty of Science and Engineering, Energy Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Rantakatu 2, 65100 Vaasa, Finland)

  • Margareta Björklund-Sänkiaho

    (Faculty of Science and Engineering, Energy Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Rantakatu 2, 65100 Vaasa, Finland)

Abstract

To meet the target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, hydrogen as a carbon-free fuel is expected to play a major role in future energy supplies. A challenge with hydrogen is its low density and volumetric energy value, meaning that large tanks are needed to store and transport it. By injecting hydrogen into the natural gas network, the transportation issue could be solved if the hydrogen–natural gas mixture satisfies the grid gas quality requirements set by legislation and standards. The end consumers usually have stricter limitations on the gas quality than the grid, where Euromot, the European association of internal combustion engine manufacturers, has specific requirements on the parameters: the methane number and Wobbe index. This paper analyses how much hydrogen can be added into the natural gas grid to fulfil Euromot’s requirements. An average gas composition was calculated based on the most common ones in Europe in 2021, and the results show that 13.4% hydrogen can be mixed with a gas consisting of 95.1% methane, 3.2% ethane, 0.7% propane, 0.3% butane, 0.3% carbon dioxide, and 0.5% nitrogen. The suggested gas composition indicates for engine manufacturers how much hydrogen can be added into the gas to be suitable for their engines.

Suggested Citation

  • Christina Ingo & Jessica Tuuf & Margareta Björklund-Sänkiaho, 2022. "Impact of Hydrogen on Natural Gas Compositions to Meet Engine Gas Quality Requirements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-13, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:21:p:7990-:d:955264
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/7990/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/7990/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Abeysekera, M. & Wu, J. & Jenkins, N. & Rees, M., 2016. "Steady state analysis of gas networks with distributed injection of alternative gas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 991-1002.
    2. Devinder Mahajan & Kun Tan & T. Venkatesh & Pradheep Kileti & Clive R. Clayton, 2022. "Hydrogen Blending in Gas Pipeline Networks—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-32, May.
    3. Lamioni, Rachele & Bronzoni, Cristiana & Folli, Marco & Tognotti, Leonardo & Galletti, Chiara, 2022. "Feeding H2-admixtures to domestic condensing boilers: Numerical simulations of combustion and pollutant formation in multi-hole burners," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    4. Jörg Leicher & Johannes Schaffert & Hristina Cigarida & Eren Tali & Frank Burmeister & Anne Giese & Rolf Albus & Klaus Görner & Stéphane Carpentier & Patrick Milin & Jean Schweitzer, 2022. "The Impact of Hydrogen Admixture into Natural Gas on Residential and Commercial Gas Appliances," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-13, January.
    5. Baccanelli, Margaret & Langé, Stefano & Rocco, Matteo V. & Pellegrini, Laura A. & Colombo, Emanuela, 2016. "Low temperature techniques for natural gas purification and LNG production: An energy and exergy analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 546-559.
    6. Marco Pellegrini & Alessandro Guzzini & Cesare Saccani, 2020. "A Preliminary Assessment of the Potential of Low Percentage Green Hydrogen Blending in the Italian Natural Gas Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-22, October.
    7. Guandalini, Giulio & Colbertaldo, Paolo & Campanari, Stefano, 2017. "Dynamic modeling of natural gas quality within transport pipelines in presence of hydrogen injections," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P2), pages 1712-1723.
    8. Ogden, Joan & Jaffe, Amy Myers & Scheitrum, Daniel & McDonald, Zane & Miller, Marshall, 2018. "Natural gas as a bridge to hydrogen transportation fuel: Insights from the literature," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 317-329.
    9. Muhammad Aziz & Agung Tri Wijayanta & Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto, 2020. "Ammonia as Effective Hydrogen Storage: A Review on Production, Storage and Utilization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-25, June.
    10. Szymon Kuczyński & Mariusz Łaciak & Andrzej Olijnyk & Adam Szurlej & Tomasz Włodek, 2019. "Thermodynamic and Technical Issues of Hydrogen and Methane-Hydrogen Mixtures Pipeline Transmission," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-21, February.
    11. Deymi-Dashtebayaz, Mahdi & Ebrahimi-Moghadam, Amir & Pishbin, Seyyed Iman & Pourramezan, Mahdi, 2019. "Investigating the effect of hydrogen injection on natural gas thermo-physical properties with various compositions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 235-245.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Badakhsh, Arash & Mothilal Bhagavathy, Sivapriya, 2024. "Caveats of green hydrogen for decarbonisation of heating in buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).
    2. Rabeea M. Ghazal & Abdulrazzak Akroot & Hasanain A. Abdul Wahhab & Abdulrahman E. J. Alhamd & Ameer Hasan Hamzah & Mothana Bdaiwi, 2024. "The Influence of Gas Fuel Enrichment with Hydrogen on the Combustion Characteristics of Combustors: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-32, October.
    3. Geniy Kuznetsov & Dmitrii Antonov & Maxim Piskunov & Leonid Yanovskyi & Olga Vysokomornaya, 2022. "Alternative Liquid Fuels for Power Plants and Engines for Aviation, Marine, and Land Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-21, December.
    4. Mirkarimi, S.M.R. & Bensaid, S. & Negro, V. & Chiaramonti, D., 2023. "Review of methane cracking over carbon-based catalyst for energy and fuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Danieli, Piero & Lazzaretto, Andrea & Al-Zaili, Jafar & Sayma, Abdulnaser & Masi, Massimo & Carraro, Gianluca, 2022. "The potential of the natural gas grid to accommodate hydrogen as an energy vector in transition towards a fully renewable energy system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    2. Kolb, Sebastian & Plankenbühler, Thomas & Frank, Jonas & Dettelbacher, Johannes & Ludwig, Ralf & Karl, Jürgen & Dillig, Marius, 2021. "Scenarios for the integration of renewable gases into the German natural gas market – A simulation-based optimisation approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    3. Gordon, Joel A. & Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye & Nabavi, Seyed Ali, 2023. "Socio-technical barriers to domestic hydrogen futures: Repurposing pipelines, policies, and public perceptions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    4. Davis, M. & Okunlola, A. & Di Lullo, G. & Giwa, T. & Kumar, A., 2023. "Greenhouse gas reduction potential and cost-effectiveness of economy-wide hydrogen-natural gas blending for energy end uses," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    5. Adrian Neacsa & Cristian Nicolae Eparu & Cașen Panaitescu & Doru Bogdan Stoica & Bogdan Ionete & Alina Prundurel & Sorin Gal, 2023. "Hydrogen–Natural Gas Mix—A Viable Perspective for Environment and Society," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-38, August.
    6. de Vries, Harmen & Mokhov, Anatoli V. & Levinsky, Howard B., 2017. "The impact of natural gas/hydrogen mixtures on the performance of end-use equipment: Interchangeability analysis for domestic appliances," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 1007-1019.
    7. Romeo, Luis M. & Cavana, Marco & Bailera, Manuel & Leone, Pierluigi & Peña, Begoña & Lisbona, Pilar, 2022. "Non-stoichiometric methanation as strategy to overcome the limitations of green hydrogen injection into the natural gas grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    8. Anna Huszal & Jacek Jaworski, 2020. "Studies of the Impact of Hydrogen on the Stability of Gaseous Mixtures of THT," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-19, December.
    9. de Vries, Harmen & Levinsky, Howard B., 2020. "Flashback, burning velocities and hydrogen admixture: Domestic appliance approval, gas regulation and appliance development," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    10. Bermúdez, Alfredo & Shabani, Mohsen, 2022. "Numerical simulation of gas composition tracking in a gas transportation network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    11. Devinder Mahajan & Kun Tan & T. Venkatesh & Pradheep Kileti & Clive R. Clayton, 2022. "Hydrogen Blending in Gas Pipeline Networks—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-32, May.
    12. Hunt, Julian David & Nascimento, Andreas & Nascimento, Nazem & Vieira, Lara Werncke & Romero, Oldrich Joel, 2022. "Possible pathways for oil and gas companies in a sustainable future: From the perspective of a hydrogen economy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    13. Hren, Robert & Vujanović, Annamaria & Van Fan, Yee & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Krajnc, Damjan & Čuček, Lidija, 2023. "Hydrogen production, storage and transport for renewable energy and chemicals: An environmental footprint assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    14. Domagoj Talapko & Jasminka Talapko & Ivan Erić & Ivana Škrlec, 2023. "Biological Hydrogen Production from Biowaste Using Dark Fermentation, Storage and Transportation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-16, April.
    15. Deymi-Dashtebayaz, Mahdi & Ebrahimi-Moghadam, Amir & Pishbin, Seyyed Iman & Pourramezan, Mahdi, 2019. "Investigating the effect of hydrogen injection on natural gas thermo-physical properties with various compositions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 235-245.
    16. Gu, Chenghong & Tang, Can & Xiang, Yue & Xie, Da, 2019. "Power-to-gas management using robust optimisation in integrated energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 681-689.
    17. Cinti, G. & Bidini, G. & Hemmes, K., 2019. "Comparison of the solid oxide fuel cell system for micro CHP using natural gas with a system using a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 69-77.
    18. Iren A. Makaryan & Igor V. Sedov & Eugene A. Salgansky & Artem V. Arutyunov & Vladimir S. Arutyunov, 2022. "A Comprehensive Review on the Prospects of Using Hydrogen–Methane Blends: Challenges and Opportunities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-27, March.
    19. Nader N. Shohdy & Mhedine Alicherif & Deanna A. Lacoste, 2023. "Transfer Functions of Ammonia and Partly Cracked Ammonia Swirl Flames," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-14, January.
    20. Mu, Lianbo & Wang, Suilin & Lu, Junhui & Li, Congna & Lan, Yuncheng & Liu, Guichang & Zhang, Tong, 2024. "Effect of hydrogen-enriched natural gas on flue gas waste heat recovery potential and condensing heat exchanger performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:21:p:7990-:d:955264. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.