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A Novel Mesoporous Activated Carbon Derived from Calliandra calothyrsus via Physical Activation: Saturation and Superheated

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  • Nur Adi Saputra

    (Department of Forest Product, IPB University, Kampus Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
    National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia)

  • Saptadi Darmawan

    (National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia)

  • Lisna Efiyanti

    (National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia)

  • Djeni Hendra

    (National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia)

  • Santiyo Wibowo

    (National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia)

  • Adi Santoso

    (National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia)

  • Djarwanto

    (National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia)

  • Gusmailina

    (National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia)

  • Sri Komarayati

    (National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia)

  • Dian Anggraini Indrawan

    (National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia)

  • Yuniawati

    (National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia)

  • Deded Sarip Nawawi

    (Department of Forest Product, IPB University, Kampus Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia)

  • Akhiruddin Maddu

    (Department of Physics, IPB University, Kampus Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia)

  • Gustan Pari

    (National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia)

  • Wasrin Syafii

    (Department of Forest Product, IPB University, Kampus Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia)

Abstract

In this work, both pyrochar and activated carbon were prepared by physical activation (i.e., saturation and superheated) by involving a thermal agent as a comparison. The effects of three agents on the pore development of activated carbon from a new material, Calliandra calothyrsus, were observed in detail. The BET surface area and the iodine index of the prepared activated carbon were used as pyrochar selection. Proximate, ultimate, XRD, FTIR, TGA, and SEM were used to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the product. Pyrochar pores were found to develop significantly at 350 °C, indicated by an increase in the BET surface area and iodine index. Pyrochar from a temperature of 350 °C was then selected as a precursor of activated carbon. S–SS and SS–S activated carbon samples were declared to have the highest iodine index (870 mg/g) and the highest BET surface area (642 m 2 /g), respectively. The pore distribution data showed that the superheated agent widened the pore and provided an active site for iodine adsorption, while the saturation agent resulted in a narrower pore for an increase in the BET surface area. S–SS has a lower C fraction and higher O fraction than SS–S. The SS–S samples have both Vol and Vol mic for an increased BET surface area. The number of aromatic layers and –OH functional groups of the S–SS sample is more convenient for iodine enhancement than for increasing the BET surface area. Less water droplets and greater energy from superheated resulting pores widen, increasing the aromatic layer and providing additional functional groups.

Suggested Citation

  • Nur Adi Saputra & Saptadi Darmawan & Lisna Efiyanti & Djeni Hendra & Santiyo Wibowo & Adi Santoso & Djarwanto & Gusmailina & Sri Komarayati & Dian Anggraini Indrawan & Yuniawati & Deded Sarip Nawawi &, 2022. "A Novel Mesoporous Activated Carbon Derived from Calliandra calothyrsus via Physical Activation: Saturation and Superheated," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-16, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:18:p:6675-:d:913320
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Danish, Mohammed & Ahmad, Tanweer, 2018. "A review on utilization of wood biomass as a sustainable precursor for activated carbon production and application," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 1-21.
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