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Stackelberg-Game-Based Demand Response for Voltage Regulation in Distribution Network with High Penetration of Electric Vehicles

Author

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  • Linglei Xu

    (Yueqing Innovation Institute, Wenzhou Institute of Hangzhou Dianzi University, Wenzhou 325038, China
    The College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China)

  • Qiangqiang Xie

    (Yueqing Innovation Institute, Wenzhou Institute of Hangzhou Dianzi University, Wenzhou 325038, China
    The College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China)

  • Liang Zheng

    (The College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China)

  • Yongzhu Hua

    (Yueqing Innovation Institute, Wenzhou Institute of Hangzhou Dianzi University, Wenzhou 325038, China
    The College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China)

  • Lihuan Shao

    (The College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China)

  • Jiadong Cui

    (The College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China)

Abstract

With the development of the economy, electricity demand continues to increase, and the time for electricity consumption is concentrated, which leads to increasing pressure on the voltage regulation of the distribution network. For example, a large number of electric vehicles charging during a low-price period may cause the problem of under-voltage of the distribution network. On the other hand, the penetration of distributed power generation of renewable energy may cause over-voltage problems in the distribution network. This study proposes a Stackelberg game model between the distribution system operator and the load aggregator. In the Stackelberg game model, the distribution system operator affects the users’ electricity consumption time by issuing subsidies to decrease the frequency of voltage violations. As the representative of users, the load aggregator helps the users schedule the demand during the subsidized period to maximize profits. Case studies are carried out on the IEEE 33-bus power distribution system. The results show that the time of the subsidy can be optimized based on the Stackelberg game model. Both the distribution system operator and the load aggregator can obtain the optimal economic profits and then comprehensively improve the operating reliability and economy of the power distribution system.

Suggested Citation

  • Linglei Xu & Qiangqiang Xie & Liang Zheng & Yongzhu Hua & Lihuan Shao & Jiadong Cui, 2022. "Stackelberg-Game-Based Demand Response for Voltage Regulation in Distribution Network with High Penetration of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:10:p:3654-:d:817017
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Murray, William & Adonis, Marco & Raji, Atanda, 2021. "Voltage control in future electrical distribution networks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    2. Qiangqiang Xie & Xiangrong Shentu & Xusheng Wu & Yi Ding & Yongzhu Hua & Jiadong Cui, 2019. "Coordinated Voltage Regulation by On-Load Tap Changer Operation and Demand Response Based on Voltage Ranking Search Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-19, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Li, Ke & Ye, Ning & Li, Shuzhen & Wang, Haiyang & Zhang, Chenghui, 2023. "Distributed collaborative operation strategies in multi-agent integrated energy system considering integrated demand response based on game theory," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).

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