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Physicochemical Characterization of Phase Change Materials for Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Angel G. Fernández

    (Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain)

  • Luis González-Fernández

    (Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain)

  • Yaroslav Grosu

    (Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
    Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9 Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland)

  • Jalel Labidi

    (Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain)

Abstract

The recovery and storage of process heat in industrial applications are some of the key factors to improve the sustainability and reliability of high temperature applications. In this sense, one of the main drawbacks is focused on the selection of proper thermal energy storage (TES) materials. This paper performs a full characterization of four phase change storage materials (PCM), KOH, LiOH, NaNO 3 and KNO 3 , which are proposed for storage applications between 270 and 500 °C, according to the results obtained through differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis. One of the main innovations includes the corrosive evaluation of these materials in a promising alumina forming alloy (OC4), close to their corresponding phase change temperature during 500 h. The physicochemical properties obtained confirm the optimal use of NaNO 3 and KNO 3 and recommend the use, with caution, of KOH, due to its higher corrosive potential. FeCr 2 O 4 , NiCr 2 O 4 and FeAl 2 O 4 were the main protective spinels formed in the alloy surface, however, the cross-section study in the alloy immersed in KOH, revealed a non-uniform behavior, presenting some cracks and spallation in the surface. On the other hand, the proposal of LiOH was disregarded since it presents a narrow operation temperature range between melting and solidification point.

Suggested Citation

  • Angel G. Fernández & Luis González-Fernández & Yaroslav Grosu & Jalel Labidi, 2022. "Physicochemical Characterization of Phase Change Materials for Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-12, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:10:p:3640-:d:816734
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Oró, E. & de Gracia, A. & Castell, A. & Farid, M.M. & Cabeza, L.F., 2012. "Review on phase change materials (PCMs) for cold thermal energy storage applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 513-533.
    2. Brückner, Sarah & Liu, Selina & Miró, Laia & Radspieler, Michael & Cabeza, Luisa F. & Lävemann, Eberhard, 2015. "Industrial waste heat recovery technologies: An economic analysis of heat transformation technologies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 157-167.
    3. Fernández, Angel G. & Pineda, Fabiola & Walczak, Magdalena & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2019. "Corrosion evaluation of alumina-forming alloys in carbonate molten salt for CSP plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 227-233.
    4. Fernández, Angel G. & Gomez-Vidal, Judith & Oró, Eduard & Kruizenga, Alan & Solé, Aran & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2019. "Mainstreaming commercial CSP systems: A technology review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 152-176.
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