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A Case Study of an Industrial Power Plant under Cyberattack: Simulation and Analysis

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  • Marilena Stănculescu

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Sorin Deleanu

    (School of Applied Sciences and Technology, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, Edmonton, AB T5G2R1, Canada)

  • Paul Cristian Andrei

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Horia Andrei

    (Doctoral School of Engineering Sciences, University Valahia Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania)

Abstract

For critical infrastructures, technological developments regarding real-time data transmission and processing improve the system’s operability and reliability. However, vulnerabilities are introduced in the case of implementing new remote access methods or where redundancy is low. At the national level, most critical infrastructures are connected, and, therefore, achieving a level of security and resilience is based on identifying a multitude of risks. In this respect, the reduction of risk to acceptable levels directly affects the quality of citizens’ lives and decreases losses in the industry. This study starts from the threats to power systems, namely cyberattacks, which are much more dangerous, although less visible, to operators, and almost invisible to the public or the media. From this point of view, it was proved that the most vulnerable parts of the power system were human–machine interfaces, electrical equipment, Surveillance, Control, and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. This paper’s main achievements include the simulation of cyberattacks on existing electrical equipment from a petrochemical plant (case study), which consists of modifying the remote data transmitted by the SCADA system. Two locations were submitted to simulated cyberattacks that were considered critical for the overall plant operation. Furthermore, the changes that occur following each fault resulting from the cyberattack and the influence of the electrical parameter changes upon the process flow were analyzed. Furthermore, by using Electrical Power System Analysis Software—ETAP—the changes that occur following each fault due to the cyberattack and the influence of the electrical parameter changes upon the process flow were analyzed. By considering the two malfunction events, the resilience assessment of the system was analyzed. In the second case, only partial resilience action, up to 40%, restored the operability of the industrial power plant.

Suggested Citation

  • Marilena Stănculescu & Sorin Deleanu & Paul Cristian Andrei & Horia Andrei, 2021. "A Case Study of an Industrial Power Plant under Cyberattack: Simulation and Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-20, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:9:p:2568-:d:546540
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yuqi Han & Yunfeng Wen & Chuangxin Guo & Han Huang, 2015. "Incorporating Cyber Layer Failures in Composite Power System Reliability Evaluations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-23, August.
    2. Athira M. Mohan & Nader Meskin & Hasan Mehrjerdi, 2020. "A Comprehensive Review of the Cyber-Attacks and Cyber-Security on Load Frequency Control of Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-33, July.
    3. Arghandeh, Reza & von Meier, Alexandra & Mehrmanesh, Laura & Mili, Lamine, 2016. "On the definition of cyber-physical resilience in power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1060-1069.
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    Cited by:

    1. Namhla Mtukushe & Adeniyi K. Onaolapo & Anuoluwapo Aluko & David G. Dorrell, 2023. "Review of Cyberattack Implementation, Detection, and Mitigation Methods in Cyber-Physical Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-25, July.
    2. Paul Cristian Andrei & Horia Andrei, 2022. "Power Systems’ Connectivity and Resiliency: Modeling, Simulation and Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-3, April.

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