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Application of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Primary Frequency Control in Power Systems with High Renewable Energy Penetration

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  • Md Ruhul Amin

    (Centre for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, School of Engineering, University of Tasmania (UTAS), Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia)

  • Michael Negnevitsky

    (Centre for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, School of Engineering, University of Tasmania (UTAS), Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia)

  • Evan Franklin

    (Centre for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, School of Engineering, University of Tasmania (UTAS), Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia)

  • Kazi Saiful Alam

    (Centre for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, School of Engineering, University of Tasmania (UTAS), Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia)

  • Seyed Behzad Naderi

    (Centre for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, School of Engineering, University of Tasmania (UTAS), Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia)

Abstract

In power systems, high renewable energy penetration generally results in conventional synchronous generators being displaced. Hence, the power system inertia reduces, thus causing a larger frequency deviation when an imbalance between load and generation occurs, and thus potential system instability. The problem associated with this increase in the system’s dynamic response can be addressed by various means, for example, flywheels, supercapacitors, and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). This paper investigates the application of BESSs for primary frequency control in power systems with very high penetration of renewable energy, and consequently, low levels of synchronous generation. By re-creating a major Australian power system separation event and then subsequently simulating the event under low inertia conditions but with BESSs providing frequency support, it has been demonstrated that a droop-controlled BESS can greatly improve frequency response, producing both faster reaction and smaller frequency deviation. Furthermore, it is shown via detailed investigation how factors such as available battery capacity and droop coefficient impact the system frequency response characteristics, providing guidance on how best to mitigate the impact of future synchronous generator retirements. It is intended that this analysis could be beneficial in determining the optimal BESS capacity and droop value to manage the potential frequency stability risks for a future power system with high renewable energy penetrations.

Suggested Citation

  • Md Ruhul Amin & Michael Negnevitsky & Evan Franklin & Kazi Saiful Alam & Seyed Behzad Naderi, 2021. "Application of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Primary Frequency Control in Power Systems with High Renewable Energy Penetration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-22, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:5:p:1379-:d:509461
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Amin, Md. Ruhul & Aizam Zulkifli, Shamsul, 2017. "A framework for selection of grid-inverter synchronisation unit: Harmonics, phase-angle and frequency," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 210-219.
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    Cited by:

    1. Md. Shafiul Alam & Tanzi Ahmed Chowdhury & Abhishak Dhar & Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail & M. S. H. Choudhury & Md Shafiullah & Md. Ismail Hossain & Md. Alamgir Hossain & Aasim Ullah & Syed Masiur Rahman, 2023. "Solar and Wind Energy Integrated System Frequency Control: A Critical Review on Recent Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-31, January.
    2. Fauzan Hanif Jufri & Jaesung Jung & Budi Sudiarto & Iwa Garniwa, 2023. "Development of Virtual Inertia Control with State-of-Charge Recovery Strategy Using Coordinated Secondary Frequency Control for Optimized Battery Capacity in Isolated Low Inertia Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-22, July.
    3. Juliano C. L. da Silva & Thales Ramos & Manoel F. Medeiros Júnior, 2021. "Modeling and Harmonic Impact Mitigation of Grid-Connected SCIG Driven by an Electromagnetic Frequency Regulator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-21, July.
    4. Tae-Hwan Jin & Ki-Yeol Shin & Mo Chung & Geon-Pyo Lim, 2022. "Development and Performance Verification of Frequency Control Algorithm and Hardware Controller Using Real-Time Cyber Physical System Simulator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-24, August.

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