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Modeling of CO Accumulation in the Headspace of the Bioreactor during Organic Waste Composting

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  • Karolina Sobieraj

    (Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska

    (Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Jacek A. Koziel

    (Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, 605 Bissell Road, Ames, IA 50011, USA)

  • Andrzej Białowiec

    (Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
    Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, 605 Bissell Road, Ames, IA 50011, USA)

Abstract

Advanced technologies call for composting indoors for minimized impact on the surrounding environment. However, enclosing compost piles inside halls may cause the accumulation of toxic pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO). Thus, there is a need to assess the occupational risk to workers that can be exposed to CO concentrations > 300 ppm at the initial stage of the process. The objectives were to (1) develop a model of CO accumulation in the headspace of the bioreactor during organic waste composting and (2) assess the impact of headspace ventilation of enclosed compost. The maximum allowable CO level inside the bioreactor headspace for potential short-term occupational exposure up to 10 min was 100 ppm. The composting was modeled in the horizontal static reactor over 14 days in seven scenarios, differing in the ratio of headspace-to-waste volumes (H:W) (4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4). Headspace CO concentration exceeded 100 ppm in each variant with the maximum value of 36.1% without ventilation and 3.2% with the daily release of accumulated CO. The airflow necessary to maintain CO < 100 ppmv should be at least 7.15 m 3 ·(h·Mg w.m.) −1 . The H:W > 4:1 and the height of compost pile < 1 m were less susceptible to CO accumulation.

Suggested Citation

  • Karolina Sobieraj & Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska & Jacek A. Koziel & Andrzej Białowiec, 2021. "Modeling of CO Accumulation in the Headspace of the Bioreactor during Organic Waste Composting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-17, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:5:p:1367-:d:509248
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sylwia Stegenta & Karolina Sobieraj & Grzegorz Pilarski & Jacek A. Koziel & Andrzej Białowiec, 2019. "Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Process Gases within Municipal Biowaste Compost," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-23, April.
    2. PINASSEAU Antoine & ZERGER Benoît & ROTH Joze & CANOVA Michele & ROUDIER Serge, 2018. "Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Waste treatment Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)," JRC Research Reports JRC113018, Joint Research Centre.
    3. Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska & Karolina Sobieraj & Jacek A. Koziel & Jerzy Bieniek & Andrzej Białowiec, 2020. "Kinetics of Biotic and Abiotic CO Production during the Initial Phase of Biowaste Composting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-22, October.
    4. LECOMTE Thierry & FERRERIA DE LA FUENTE Jose Felix & NEUWAHL Frederik & CANOVA Michele & PINASSEAU Antoine & JANKOV Ivan & BRINKMANN Thomas & ROUDIER Serge & DELGADO SANCHO Luis, 2017. "Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Large Combustion Plants. Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)," JRC Research Reports JRC107769, Joint Research Centre.
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