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Pulp and Paper Industry: Decarbonisation Technology Assessment to Reach CO 2 Neutral Emissions—An Austrian Case Study

Author

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  • Maedeh Rahnama Mobarakeh

    (Chair of Energy Network Technology, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Franz-Josef Straße 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria)

  • Miguel Santos Silva

    (Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Thomas Kienberger

    (Chair of Energy Network Technology, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Franz-Josef Straße 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria)

Abstract

The pulp and paper (P&P) sector is a dynamic manufacturing industry and plays an essential role in the Austrian economy. However, the sector, which consumes about 20 TWh of final energy, is responsible for 7% of Austria’s industrial CO 2 emissions. This study, intending to assess the potential for improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions in the Austrian context in the P&P sector, uses a bottom-up approach model. The model is applied to analyze the energy consumption (heat and electricity) and CO 2 emissions in the main processes, related to the P&P production from virgin or recycled fibers. Afterward, technological options to reduce energy consumption and fossil CO 2 emissions for P&P production are investigated, and various low-carbon technologies are applied to the model. For each of the selected technologies, the potential of emission reduction and energy savings up to 2050 is estimated. Finally, a series of low-carbon technology-based scenarios are developed and evaluated. These scenarios’ content is based on the improvement potential associated with the various processes of different paper grades. The results reveal that the investigated technologies applied in the production process (chemical pulping and paper drying) have a minor impact on CO 2 emission reduction (maximum 10% due to applying an impulse dryer). In contrast, steam supply electrification, by replacing fossil fuel boilers with direct heat supply (such as commercial electric boilers or heat pumps), enables reducing emissions by up to 75%. This means that the goal of 100% CO 2 emission reduction by 2050 cannot be reached with one method alone. Consequently, a combination of technologies, particularly with the electrification of the steam supply, along with the use of carbon-free electricity generated by renewable energy, appears to be essential.

Suggested Citation

  • Maedeh Rahnama Mobarakeh & Miguel Santos Silva & Thomas Kienberger, 2021. "Pulp and Paper Industry: Decarbonisation Technology Assessment to Reach CO 2 Neutral Emissions—An Austrian Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-30, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:1161-:d:503703
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Fleiter, Tobias & Fehrenbach, Daniel & Worrell, Ernst & Eichhammer, Wolfgang, 2012. "Energy efficiency in the German pulp and paper industry – A model-based assessment of saving potentials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 84-99.
    3. LECOMTE Thierry & FERRERIA DE LA FUENTE Jose Felix & NEUWAHL Frederik & CANOVA Michele & PINASSEAU Antoine & JANKOV Ivan & BRINKMANN Thomas & ROUDIER Serge & DELGADO SANCHO Luis, 2017. "Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Large Combustion Plants. Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)," JRC Research Reports JRC107769, Joint Research Centre.
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    Cited by:

    1. Furszyfer Del Rio, Dylan D. & Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Griffiths, Steve & Bazilian, Morgan & Kim, Jinsoo & Foley, Aoife M. & Rooney, David, 2022. "Decarbonizing the pulp and paper industry: A critical and systematic review of sociotechnical developments and policy options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    2. Junsong Jia & Jing Lei & Chundi Chen & Xu Song & Yexi Zhong, 2021. "Contribution of Renewable Energy Consumption to CO 2 Emission Mitigation: A Comparative Analysis from a Global Geographic Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-23, March.
    3. Mariusz Reczulski & Włodzimierz Szewczyk & Michał Kuczkowski, 2023. "Possibilities of Reducing the Heat Energy Consumption in a Tissue Paper Machine—Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-15, April.

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