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Power Scheduling Scheme for DSM in Smart Homes with Photovoltaic and Energy Storage

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  • Sławomir Zator

    (Department of Production Engineering and Logistics, Opole University of Technology, Sosnkowskiego 31, 45-272 Opole, Poland)

Abstract

This article presents a case study of a single-family house with several photovoltaic micro-installations oriented in different directions, in which the energy electricity storage systems have been operating for several months. In the house, the heat source is the air–water heat pump cooperating with heat buffers. The first photovoltaic installation was installed in 2016 and, in the subsequent five years, was expanded using microinverters. The final amount of energy from photovoltaics covers 50% of the energy demand of the building. The procedure for dealing with technical and economic aspects was presented, allowing us to determine whether it is profitable to install energy storage in the given conditions of energy prices, equipment efficiency, and prices, as well as government support. This paper presents the effects of the designed and built home energy management system that supervises energy storage in heat and batteries, mainly through its impact on the self-consumption of energy from the photovoltaic system and on final costs. Comparative calculations were performed with the demand-side management, which dictated the instantaneous energy costs. Attention was paid to the possibility of obtaining a high self-consumption, but the economic calculations showed that it was not always beneficial. An annual self-consumption increased by approximately one-sixth upon installation of the electrical energy storage system and by one-third from the start of use of the home energy management system. Concurrently, by utilising energy storage in heat and batteries, almost 95% of energy was consumed in the cheapest multi-zone tariff. The impact of inverters and battery charging systems on the power grid is also presented. Often, when the active energy was nearing zero, the capacitive reactive energy was significant.

Suggested Citation

  • Sławomir Zator, 2021. "Power Scheduling Scheme for DSM in Smart Homes with Photovoltaic and Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:24:p:8571-:d:706143
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sławomir Zator & Waldemar Skomudek, 2020. "Impact of DSM on Energy Management in a Single-Family House with a Heat Pump and Photovoltaic Installation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-20, October.
    2. Wang, Jiang-Jiang & Jing, You-Yin & Zhang, Chun-Fa & Zhao, Jun-Hong, 2009. "Review on multi-criteria decision analysis aid in sustainable energy decision-making," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(9), pages 2263-2278, December.
    3. Hoppmann, Joern & Volland, Jonas & Schmidt, Tobias S. & Hoffmann, Volker H., 2014. "The economic viability of battery storage for residential solar photovoltaic systems – A review and a simulation model," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 1101-1118.
    4. Danish Mahmood & Nadeem Javaid & Nabil Alrajeh & Zahoor Ali Khan & Umar Qasim & Imran Ahmed & Manzoor Ilahi, 2016. "Realistic Scheduling Mechanism for Smart Homes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-28, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. José Luis Ruiz Duarte & Neng Fan, 2022. "Operation of a Power Grid with Embedded Networked Microgrids and Onsite Renewable Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-24, March.
    2. Tom Elliott & Joachim Geske & Richard Green, 2022. "Business Models for Active Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-17, October.

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