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A Rapid Method for Low Temperature Microencapsulation of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) Using a Coiled Tube Ultraviolet Reactor

Author

Listed:
  • Jawaad A. Ansari

    (Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand)

  • Refat Al-Shannaq

    (Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand)

  • Jamal Kurdi

    (Engineering Technology-Chemical Processing, College of the North Atlantic-Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 24449, Qatar)

  • Shaheen A. Al-Muhtaseb

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar)

  • Charles A. Ikutegbe

    (Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand)

  • Mohammed M. Farid

    (Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand)

Abstract

Microencapsulation of phase change materials (PCMs) remain a suitable option within building materials, as they contribute to the thermal mass and provide an energy buffer, an added benefit. This paper presents a novel method for the rapid fabrication of microencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) at ambient conditions in a perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) coiled tube ultraviolet (UV) reactor. The objective of this study was to optimize key parameters such as the product yield and quality of the as-prepared microcapsules. Rubitherm ® RT-21™ PCM was microencapsulated within shells of poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) through a suspension emulsion polymerization approach, where the crosslinking of polymers was driven by UV radiations with an appropriate photoinitiator. The characteristics of the resulting PCM microcapsules were found to be affected by the volumetric flow rate of the emulsion inside the coiled tube reactor. Higher volumetric flow rates led to higher PCM contents and higher microencapsulation efficiency, resulting in an average particle size of 6.5 µm. Furthermore, the effect of curing time on the PCM microcapsule properties was investigated. The optimum encapsulation yield, conversion, efficiency and PCM content were observed after 10 min of polymerization time. The thermal analysis indicated that the developed process had an efficiency of 85.8%, and the capsules were characterized with excellent thermal properties. Compared to the conventional thermal microencapsulation processes, the use of a coiled tube UV reactor with an appropriate photoinitiator enables the encapsulation of heat-sensitive PCMs at ambient conditions, and reduces the microencapsulation time dramatically. As a result, this novel microencapsulation approach can lead to a wider scope of PCM encapsulation and enable rapid, continuous and potentially large-scale industrial production of PCM microcapsules with low energy consumption.

Suggested Citation

  • Jawaad A. Ansari & Refat Al-Shannaq & Jamal Kurdi & Shaheen A. Al-Muhtaseb & Charles A. Ikutegbe & Mohammed M. Farid, 2021. "A Rapid Method for Low Temperature Microencapsulation of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) Using a Coiled Tube Ultraviolet Reactor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-19, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:23:p:7867-:d:686368
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cabeza, L.F. & Castell, A. & Barreneche, C. & de Gracia, A. & Fernández, A.I., 2011. "Materials used as PCM in thermal energy storage in buildings: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 1675-1695, April.
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    8. Al-Shannaq, Refat & Young, Brent & Farid, Mohammed, 2019. "Cold energy storage in a packed bed of novel graphite/PCM composite spheres," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 296-305.
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    Cited by:

    1. Emanuela Privitera & Riccardo Caponetto & Fabio Matera & Salvatore Vasta, 2022. "Impact of Geometry on a Thermal-Energy Storage Finned Tube during the Discharging Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-22, October.
    2. Ikutegbe, Charles A. & Al-Shannaq, Refat & Farid, Mohammed M., 2022. "Microencapsulation of low melting phase change materials for cold storage applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    3. Ahmed Elkhatat & Shaheen A. Al-Muhtaseb, 2023. "Combined “Renewable Energy–Thermal Energy Storage (RE–TES)” Systems: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-46, June.

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