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Physically Motivated Water Modeling in Control-Oriented Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Stack Models

Author

Listed:
  • Zhang Peng Du

    (Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria)

  • Andraž Kravos

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Christoph Steindl

    (Institute of Powertrains and Automotive Technology, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria)

  • Tomaž Katrašnik

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Stefan Jakubek

    (Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria)

  • Christoph Hametner

    (Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Control and Monitoring of Automotive Powertrain Systems, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria)

Abstract

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are prone to membrane dehydration and liquid water flooding, negatively impacting their performance and lifetime. Therefore, PEMFCs require appropriate water management, which makes accurate water modeling indispensable. Unfortunately, available control-oriented models only replicate individual water-related aspects or use oversimplistic approximations. This paper resolves this challenge by proposing, for the first time, a control-oriented PEMFC stack model focusing on physically motivated water modeling, which covers phase change, liquid water removal, membrane water uptake, and water flooding effects on the electrochemical reaction. Parametrizing the resulting model with measurement data yielded the fitted model. The parameterized model delivers valuable insight into the water mechanisms, which were thoroughly analyzed. In summary, the proposed model enables the derivation of advanced control strategies for efficient water management and mitigation of the degradation phenomena of PEMFCs. Additionally, the model provides the required accuracy for control applications while maintaining the necessary computational efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang Peng Du & Andraž Kravos & Christoph Steindl & Tomaž Katrašnik & Stefan Jakubek & Christoph Hametner, 2021. "Physically Motivated Water Modeling in Control-Oriented Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Stack Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:22:p:7693-:d:681089
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Martin Vrlić & Daniel Ritzberger & Stefan Jakubek, 2021. "Model-Predictive-Control-Based Reference Governor for Fuel Cells in Automotive Application Compared with Performance from a Real Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-17, April.
    2. Xu, Liangfei & Fang, Chuan & Hu, Junming & Cheng, Siliang & Li, Jianqiu & Ouyang, Minggao & Lehnert, Werner, 2017. "Parameter extraction of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell based on quasi-dynamic model and periphery signals," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 675-690.
    3. Daniel Ritzberger & Christoph Hametner & Stefan Jakubek, 2020. "A Real-Time Dynamic Fuel Cell System Simulation for Model-Based Diagnostics and Control: Validation on Real Driving Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-20, June.
    4. Martin Vrlić & Daniel Ritzberger & Stefan Jakubek, 2020. "Safe and Efficient Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Control Using Successive Linearization Based Model Predictive Control Validated on Real Vehicle Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-16, October.
    5. Xu, Liangfei & Fang, Chuan & Li, Jianqiu & Ouyang, Minggao & Lehnert, Werner, 2018. "Nonlinear dynamic mechanism modeling of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with dead-ended anode considering mass transport and actuator properties," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 106-121.
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