IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i13p4049-d588709.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Exhaustive Comparison between Linear and Nonlinear Approaches for Grid-Side Control of Wind Energy Conversion Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Younes Azelhak

    (Laboratory of Research in Engineering (LRI), System Architecture Team (EAS), Hassan II University—ENSEM, Route d’El Jadida, km 7, Oasis, Casablanca 8118, Morocco
    Research Foundation for Development in Science and Engineering, Route d’El Jadida, km 7, Oasis, Casablanca 8118, Morocco
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Loubna Benaaouinate

    (Laboratory of Energy and Electrical Systems, Hassan II University—ENSEM, Casablanca 8118, Morocco
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Hicham Medromi

    (Laboratory of Research in Engineering (LRI), System Architecture Team (EAS), Hassan II University—ENSEM, Route d’El Jadida, km 7, Oasis, Casablanca 8118, Morocco
    Research Foundation for Development in Science and Engineering, Route d’El Jadida, km 7, Oasis, Casablanca 8118, Morocco)

  • Youssef Errami

    (Department of Physical, Faculty of Science, Chouaib Doukkali University, Avenue Jabran Khalil Jabran, El Jadida 299-24000, Grand-Casablanca, Morocco)

  • Tarik Bouragba

    (EIGSI Casablanca, 282 Route de l’Oasis, Casablanca 20410, Morocco)

  • Damien Voyer

    (EIGSI La Rochelle, 26 rue de Vaux de Foletier, CEDEX 1, 17041 La Rochelle, France)

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a comparative study of linear and nonlinear algorithms designed for grid-side control of the power flow in a wind energy conversion system. We performed several simulations and experiments with step and variable power scenarios for different values of the DC-link capacity with the DC storage element being the key element of the grid-side converter. The linear control was designed on the basis of the internal model control theory where an active damping was added to avoid steady state errors. Nonlinear controls were built using first and second order sliding mode controls with theoretical considerations to ensure accuracy and stability. We observed that the first order sliding mode control was the most efficient algorithm for controlling the DC-link voltage but that the chattering degraded the quality of the energy injected into the grid as well as the efficiency of the grid-side converter. The linear control caused overshoots on the DC-link voltage; however, this algorithm had better performance on the grid side due to its smoother control. Finally, the second order sliding mode control did not prove to be more robust than the other two algorithms. This can be explained by the fact that this control is theoretically more sensitive to converter losses.

Suggested Citation

  • Younes Azelhak & Loubna Benaaouinate & Hicham Medromi & Youssef Errami & Tarik Bouragba & Damien Voyer, 2021. "Exhaustive Comparison between Linear and Nonlinear Approaches for Grid-Side Control of Wind Energy Conversion Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:13:p:4049-:d:588709
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/4049/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/4049/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kumar, Dipesh & Chatterjee, Kalyan, 2016. "A review of conventional and advanced MPPT algorithms for wind energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 957-970.
    2. Ukashatu Abubakar & Saad Mekhilef & Hazlie Mokhlis & Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian & Ben Horan & Alex Stojcevski & Hussain Bassi & Muhyaddin Jamal Hosin Rawa, 2018. "Transient Faults in Wind Energy Conversion Systems: Analysis, Modelling Methodologies and Remedies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-33, August.
    3. Narayana, M. & Putrus, G.A. & Jovanovic, M. & Leung, P.S. & McDonald, S., 2012. "Generic maximum power point tracking controller for small-scale wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 72-79.
    4. Tiwari, Ramji & Babu, N. Ramesh, 2016. "Recent developments of control strategies for wind energy conversion system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 268-285.
    5. Jain, Bhavna & Jain, Shailendra & Nema, R.K., 2015. "Control strategies of grid interfaced wind energy conversion system: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 983-996.
    6. Aubrée, René & Auger, François & Macé, Michel & Loron, Luc, 2016. "Design of an efficient small wind-energy conversion system with an adaptive sensorless MPPT strategy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 280-291.
    7. Oscar Barambones & Jose A. Cortajarena & Patxi Alkorta & Jose M. Gonzalez De Durana, 2014. "A Real-Time Sliding Mode Control for a Wind Energy System Based on a Doubly Fed Induction Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(10), pages 1-22, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhicheng Lin & Song Zheng & Zhicheng Chen & Rong Zheng & Wang Zhang, 2019. "Application Research of the Parallel System Theory and the Data Engine Approach in Wind Energy Conversion System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-20, March.
    2. Shrabani Sahu & Sasmita Behera, 2022. "A review on modern control applications in wind energy conversion system," Energy & Environment, , vol. 33(2), pages 223-262, March.
    3. Youssef, Abdel-Raheem & Mousa, Hossam H.H. & Mohamed, Essam E.M., 2020. "Development of self-adaptive P&O MPPT algorithm for wind generation systems with concentrated search area," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 875-893.
    4. Fathabadi, Hassan, 2016. "Novel high-efficient unified maximum power point tracking controller for hybrid fuel cell/wind systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1498-1510.
    5. Karabacak, Murat, 2019. "A new perturb and observe based higher order sliding mode MPPT control of wind turbines eliminating the rotor inertial effect," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 807-827.
    6. Tiwari, Ramji & Babu, N. Ramesh, 2016. "Recent developments of control strategies for wind energy conversion system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 268-285.
    7. Mendi, Balaji & Pattnaik, Monalisa & Srungavarapu, Gopalakrishna, 2024. "A single current sensor based adaptive step size MPPT control of a small scale variable speed wind energy conversion system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 357(C).
    8. Mahela, Om Prakash & Shaik, Abdul Gafoor, 2016. "Comprehensive overview of grid interfaced wind energy generation systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 260-281.
    9. López-Queija, Javier & Robles, Eider & Jugo, Josu & Alonso-Quesada, Santiago, 2022. "Review of control technologies for floating offshore wind turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    10. Meryem Benakcha & Leila Benalia & Abdelkrim Ammar & Amor Bourek, 2019. "Wind energy conversion system based on dual stator induction generator controlled by nonlinear backstepping and pi controllers," International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, Springer;The Society for Reliability, Engineering Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM),India, and Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden, vol. 10(4), pages 499-509, August.
    11. Mohammad Haidar & Hussein Chible & Corrado Boragno & Daniele D. Caviglia, 2021. "A Low Power AC/DC Interface for Wind-Powered Sensor Nodes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-14, March.
    12. Ramji Tiwari & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Ramesh Babu Neelakandan, 2017. "Coordinated Control Strategies for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Wind Energy Conversion System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-17, September.
    13. Fathabadi, Hassan, 2017. "Novel standalone hybrid solar/wind/fuel cell/battery power generation system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 454-465.
    14. Lafarge, Barbara & Grondel, Sébastien & Delebarre, Christophe & Curea, Octavian & Richard, Claude, 2021. "Linear electromagnetic energy harvester system embedded on a vehicle suspension: From modeling to performance analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    15. Habibi, Hamed & Howard, Ian & Simani, Silvio, 2019. "Reliability improvement of wind turbine power generation using model-based fault detection and fault tolerant control: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 877-896.
    16. Hamid Chojaa & Aziz Derouich & Mohammed Taoussi & Seif Eddine Chehaidia & Othmane Zamzoum & Mohamed I. Mosaad & Ayman Alhejji & Mourad Yessef, 2022. "Nonlinear Control Strategies for Enhancing the Performance of DFIG-Based WECS under a Real Wind Profile," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-23, September.
    17. Rocha, P. A. Costa & Rocha, H. H. Barbosa & Carneiro, F. O. Moura & da Silva, M. E. Vieira & de Andrade, C. Freitas, 2016. "A case study on the calibration of the k–ω SST (shear stress transport) turbulence model for small scale wind turbines designed with cambered and symmetrical airfoils," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 144-150.
    18. De Kooning, Jeroen D.M. & Vandoorn, Tine L. & Van de Vyver, Jan & Meersman, Bart & Vandevelde, Lieven, 2016. "Displacement of the maximum power point caused by losses in wind turbine systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 273-280.
    19. Dixon, Christopher & Reynolds, Steve & Rodley, David, 2016. "Micro/small wind turbine power control for electrolysis applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(P1), pages 182-192.
    20. Seixas, M. & Melício, R. & Mendes, V.M.F. & Couto, C., 2016. "Blade pitch control malfunction simulation in a wind energy conversion system with MPC five-level converter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 339-350.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:13:p:4049-:d:588709. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.