IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i13p3941-d586609.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effect of Roof Cooling and Air Curtain Gates on Thermal and Wind Conditions in Stadiums for Hot Climates

Author

Listed:
  • Fangliang Zhong

    (Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK)

  • Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry

    (School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University Dubai Campus, Heriot-Watt University, Dubai Knowledge Park, Dubai P.O. Box 38103, United Arab Emirates)

  • John Kaiser Calautit

    (Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK)

Abstract

To host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, Qatar is facing the greatest challenge in balancing the energy consumptions for cooling the stadiums and the thermal comfort for both players and spectators. Previous studies have not considered using a combined configuration of air curtain and roof cooling supply slot in stadiums to prevent the infiltration of outside hot air and reduce the cooling system’s energy consumption. This paper presents a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study of thermal and wind modeling around a baseline stadium and simulates the cooling scenarios of air curtains and roof cooling along with the energy consumption estimations for the World Cup matches using Building Energy Simulation (BES). Sensitivity analysis of different supply speeds and supply temperatures of air curtain gates and roof cooling was carried out, and the results showed that scenario six, which provides supply air of 25 m/s and 20 m/s at the roof and air curtain gates with a supply temperature of 10 °C, demonstrates optimal thermal performances on both the spectator tiers and the pitch. Compared with the baseline stadium performance, the average reductions in temperature on the pitch and spectator tiers under scenario six could reach 15 °C and 14.6 °C. The reductions in the Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied values for the upper and lower tiers as well as the pitch were 63%, 74%, and 78%. In terms of the estimated energy consumptions, scenario six would consume electric energy per match at a rate of 25.5 MWh compared with 22.8 MWh for one of the stadiums in the 2010 South Africa World Cup and 42.0 MWh for the 2006 Germany World Cup. Future research is recommended to explore the influence of supply angle on air curtain gates and roof cooling supply slots’ performances.

Suggested Citation

  • Fangliang Zhong & Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry & John Kaiser Calautit, 2021. "Effect of Roof Cooling and Air Curtain Gates on Thermal and Wind Conditions in Stadiums for Hot Climates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-23, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:13:p:3941-:d:586609
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3941/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3941/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Abdullah Abdulhameed Bagasi & John Kaiser Calautit & Abdullah Saeed Karban, 2021. "Evaluation of the Integration of the Traditional Architectural Element Mashrabiya into the Ventilation Strategy for Buildings in Hot Climates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-31, January.
    2. Payam Nejat & Fatemeh Jomehzadeh & Hasanen Mohammed Hussen & John Kaiser Calautit & Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid, 2018. "Application of Wind as a Renewable Energy Source for Passive Cooling through Windcatchers Integrated with Wing Walls," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-23, September.
    3. Marouen Ghoulem & Khaled El Moueddeb & Ezzedine Nehdi & Fangliang Zhong & John Calautit, 2020. "Design of a Passive Downdraught Evaporative Cooling Windcatcher (PDEC-WC) System for Greenhouses in Hot Climates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-23, June.
    4. Zhengrong Jiang & Weijun Gao, 2021. "Impact of Enclosure Boundary Patterns and Lift-Up Design on Optimization of Summer Pedestrian Wind Environment in High-Density Residential Districts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-17, May.
    5. Murtaza Mohammadi & John Kaiser Calautit, 2019. "Numerical Investigation of the Wind and Thermal Conditions in Sky Gardens in High-Rise Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-33, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. John Kaiser Calautit & Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry, 2022. "Sustainable Buildings: Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-5, November.
    2. Annes Elsa Francis & Matthew Webb & Cheryl Desha & Sharyn Rundle-Thiele & Savindi Caldera, 2023. "Environmental Sustainability in Stadium Design and Construction: A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-25, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hao Sun & Carlos Jimenez-Bescos & Murtaza Mohammadi & Fangliang Zhong & John Kaiser Calautit, 2021. "Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Vegetation on the Aero-Thermal Performance of Buildings with Courtyards in Hot Climates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-25, August.
    2. Alsailani, M. & Montazeri, H. & Rezaeiha, A., 2021. "Towards optimal aerodynamic design of wind catchers: Impact of geometrical characteristics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 1344-1363.
    3. Mark B. Luther & Igor Martek & Mehdi Amirkhani & Gerhard Zucker, 2022. "Special Issue “Environmental Technology Applications in the Retrofitting of Residential Buildings”," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-4, August.
    4. Ashraf Balabel & Mamdooh Alwetaishi & Wageeh A. El-Askary & Hamza Fawzy, 2021. "Numerical Study on Natural Ventilation Characteristics of a Partial-Cylinder Opening for One-Sided-Windcatcher of Variable Air-Feeding Orientations in Taif, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-20, October.
    5. Hoda Ramezani & Ehsan Reza, 2022. "The Consequence of Combining Indigenous Techniques with a Flexible Design to Reduce Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings for Future Architecture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-15, October.
    6. Calautit, John Kaiser & O’Connor, Dominic & Tien, Paige Wenbin & Wei, Shuangyu & Pantua, Conrad Allan Jay & Hughes, Ben, 2020. "Development of a natural ventilation windcatcher with passive heat recovery wheel for mild-cold climates: CFD and experimental analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 465-482.
    7. Sakiyama, N.R.M. & Carlo, J.C. & Frick, J. & Garrecht, H., 2020. "Perspectives of naturally ventilated buildings: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    8. Lei Tang & Zhengtao Ai & Chunyan Song & Guoqiang Zhang & Zhengxuan Liu, 2021. "A Strategy to Maximally Utilize Outdoor Air for Indoor Thermal Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-13, July.
    9. Zhang, Haihua & Yang, Dong & Tam, Vivian W.Y. & Tao, Yao & Zhang, Guomin & Setunge, Sujeeva & Shi, Long, 2021. "A critical review of combined natural ventilation techniques in sustainable buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    10. Chi, Fang'ai & Pan, Jiajie & Liu, Yang & Guo, Yuang, 2021. "Improvement of thermal comfort by hydraulic-driven ventilation device and space partition arrangement towards building energy saving," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    11. Di Qi & Chuangyao Zhao & Shixiong Li & Ran Chen & Angui Li, 2021. "Numerical Assessment of Earth to Air Heat Exchanger with Variable Humidity Conditions in Greenhouses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-18, March.
    12. Marouen Ghoulem & Khaled El Moueddeb & Ezzedine Nehdi & Fangliang Zhong & John Calautit, 2020. "Design of a Passive Downdraught Evaporative Cooling Windcatcher (PDEC-WC) System for Greenhouses in Hot Climates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-23, June.
    13. Majed Abuseif & Karine Dupre & Ruby N. Michael, 2022. "Trees on Buildings: A Tree Selection Framework Based on Industry Best Practice," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-23, December.
    14. Ahmad Taki & Haripriya Kumari, 2023. "Examining Mashrabiya’s Impact on Energy Efficiency and Cultural Aspects in Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-36, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:13:p:3941-:d:586609. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.