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Simulations of Airflow in the Roof Space of a Gothic Sanctuary Using CFD Models

Author

Listed:
  • Radoslav Ponechal

    (Department of Building Engineering and Urban Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia)

  • Peter Krušinský

    (Department of Building Engineering and Urban Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia)

  • Peter Kysela

    (Department of Building Engineering and Urban Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia)

  • Peter Pisca

    (Department of Building Engineering and Urban Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia)

Abstract

For a deep understanding of the airflow in an environment of historic wooden trusses, it is necessary to analyze the object using simulation methods. To calculate the amount of air passing through the structural openings (components) using dynamic simulation, multi-zone network models based on the simplicity of modeling the individual zones are suitable. For a more detailed analysis of airflow and temperature distribution within one space, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model was performed. The air volume through openings and surface temperatures was adopted from the multi-zone airflow network model. By using this simulation technique during a sunny summer day four characteristic states of air movement were simulated in the attic: more intense flow at noon and at midnight caused by a large temperature difference between air and surrounding surfaces and, subsequently, less intense flow when the air was mixed up effectively. The temperature distribution in the cross-sections did not only indicate an increase in temperature with increasing height (up to 50 °C at noon) but also a temperature increase near the southern roof. The surface temperature of the masonry walls was stable (19–33 °C), while the air temperature fluctuated. The image of the flow was completed by ventilation through the tower, which acted as a solar chimney. The airflow through the door to the tower was almost 0.5 m 3 s −1 at summer midnight.

Suggested Citation

  • Radoslav Ponechal & Peter Krušinský & Peter Kysela & Peter Pisca, 2021. "Simulations of Airflow in the Roof Space of a Gothic Sanctuary Using CFD Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-20, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:12:p:3694-:d:579060
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Amelia Carolina Sparavigna, 2014. "The Solar Orientation of the Gothic Cathedrals of France," International Journal of Sciences, Office ijSciences, vol. 3(04), pages 6-11, April.
    2. Ádám László Katona & Huang Xuan & Sara Elhadad & István Kistelegdi & István Háber, 2020. "High-Resolution CFD and In-Situ Monitoring Based Validation of an Industrial Passive Air Conduction System (PACS)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-23, June.
    3. Hughes, Ben Richard & Calautit, John Kaiser & Ghani, Saud Abdul, 2012. "The development of commercial wind towers for natural ventilation: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 606-627.
    4. Shimin Wang & Zhigang Shen & Linxia Gu, 2012. "The Impact of Roof Pitch and Ceiling Insulation on Cooling Load of Naturally-Ventilated Attics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(7), pages 1-19, July.
    5. Harris, D.J. & Helwig, N., 2007. "Solar chimney and building ventilation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(2), pages 135-146, February.
    6. Jan Richter & Kamil Staněk & Jan Tywoniak & Pavel Kopecký, 2020. "Moisture-Safe Cold Attics in Humid Climates of Europe and North America," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-27, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Michal Poljak & Radoslav Ponechal, 2023. "Microclimatic Monitoring—The Beginning of Saving Historical Sacral Buildings in Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-20, January.
    2. Zhonghua Zhang & Lingjie Zeng & Huixian Shi & Gukun Yang & Zhenjiang Yu & Wenjun Yin & Jun Gao & Lina Wang & Yalei Zhang & Xuefei Zhou, 2021. "Dynamics and Numerical Simulation of Contaminant Diffusion for a Non-Flushing Ecological Toilet," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-22, November.

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