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Investigations into Balancing Peak-to-Average Power Ratio and Mean Power Extraction for a Two-Body Point-Absorber Wave Energy Converter

Author

Listed:
  • Hayrettin Bora Karayaka

    (School of Engineering + Technology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, USA)

  • Yi-Hsiang Yu

    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA)

  • Eduard Muljadi

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36949, USA)

Abstract

The power harnessed by wave energy converters (WECs) in oceans is highly variable and, therefore, has a high peak-to-average power (PTAP) ratio. To minimize the cost of a WEC power take off (PTO) system, it is desirable to reduce the PTAP ratio while maximizing the mean power extracted by WECs. The important issue of how PTAP ratio reduction measures (such as adding an inertia element) can affect the mean power extracted in a reference model has not been thoroughly addressed in the literature. To investigate this correlation, this study focuses on the integration of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Reference Model 3, a two-body point absorber, with a slider-crank WEC for linear-to-rotational conversion. In the first phase of this study, a full-scale numerical model was developed that predicts how PTO system parameters, along with an advanced control algorithm, can potentially affect the proposed WEC’s PTAP ratio as well as the mean power extracted. In the second phase, an appropriate scaled-down model was developed, and extracted power results were successfully validated against the full-scale model. Finally, numerical and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations based on the scaled-down model were designed and conducted to optimize or make trade-offs between the operational performance and PTAP ratio. The initial results with numerical and HIL simulations reveal that gear ratio, crank radius, and generator parameters substantially impact the PTAP ratio and mean power extracted.

Suggested Citation

  • Hayrettin Bora Karayaka & Yi-Hsiang Yu & Eduard Muljadi, 2021. "Investigations into Balancing Peak-to-Average Power Ratio and Mean Power Extraction for a Two-Body Point-Absorber Wave Energy Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-24, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:12:p:3489-:d:573735
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jonas Sjolte & Christian McLisky Sandvik & Elisabetta Tedeschi & Marta Molinas, 2013. "Exploring the Potential for Increased Production from the Wave Energy Converter Lifesaver by Reactive Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(8), pages 1-28, July.
    2. Henriques, J.C.C. & Gato, L.M.C. & Lemos, J.M. & Gomes, R.P.F. & Falcão, A.F.O., 2016. "Peak-power control of a grid-integrated oscillating water column wave energy converter," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 378-390.
    3. Penalba, Markel & Ringwood, John V., 2019. "A high-fidelity wave-to-wire model for wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 367-378.
    4. Markel Penalba & John V. Ringwood, 2016. "A Review of Wave-to-Wire Models for Wave Energy Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-45, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Amini, Erfan & Mehdipour, Hossein & Faraggiana, Emilio & Golbaz, Danial & Mozaffari, Sevda & Bracco, Giovanni & Neshat, Mehdi, 2022. "Optimization of hydraulic power take-off system settings for point absorber wave energy converter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 938-954.
    2. Gaspar, José F. & Pinheiro, Rafael F. & Mendes, Mário J.G. C. & Kamarlouei, Mojtaba & Guedes Soares, C., 2024. "Review on hardware-in-the-loop simulation of wave energy converters and power take-offs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).

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