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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gaseous and Solid Air Pollutants Concentrations and Emissions in the EU, with Particular Emphasis on Poland

Author

Listed:
  • Aurelia Rybak

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Industrial Automation, Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Aleksandra Rybak

    (Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

Abstract

This article presents the research on the analysis of the impact of social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on gaseous air pollutant concentrations. For this purpose, the authors presented (thermal maps) and analyzed the concentrations of selected gases such as NO 2 , CO, SO 2 , and PM 2.5 particles during the strict quarantine period in Poland and other EU countries. Statistical analysis of the concentration level of these gases was performed. It was noticed that in Poland, Germany, and France, the concentrations of such gases as CO, NO 2 , and PM 2.5 particles decreased, while in Italy and Spain, the tendency was the opposite. To verify whether the discovered dependencies are not a natural continuation of the trends shaping the given phenomenon, the time series of gas and PM 2.5 particle emissions were analyzed. On this basis, the emission forecast up to 2023 was created, using the ARIMA class models. The obtained results allowed to construct five scenarios for the development of NO 2 , CO, SO 2 , and PM 2.5 emissions until 2023, considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was stated that in the optimistic scenario, in 2023, a decrease in CO, NO 2 , and PM 2.5 emissions could be achieved by maximums of 51%, 95%, and 28%, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Aurelia Rybak & Aleksandra Rybak, 2021. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gaseous and Solid Air Pollutants Concentrations and Emissions in the EU, with Particular Emphasis on Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-25, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:3264-:d:567860
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tomasz Wołowiec & Iuliia Myroshnychenko & Ihor Vakulenko & Sylwester Bogacki & Anna Maria Wiśniewska & Svitlana Kolosok & Vitaliy Yunger, 2022. "International Impact of COVID-19 on Energy Economics and Environmental Pollution: A Scoping Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-26, November.
    2. Shuhui Yu & Xin Guan & Junfan Zhu & Zeyu Wang & Youting Jian & Weijia Wang & Ya Yang, 2023. "Artificial Intelligence and Urban Green Space Facilities Optimization Using the LSTM Model: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-14, June.
    3. Ankitha Nandipura Prasanna & Priscila Grecov & Angela Dieyu Weng & Christoph Bergmeir, 2022. "Causal Effect Estimation with Global Probabilistic Forecasting: A Case Study of the Impact of Covid-19 Lockdowns on Energy Demand," Papers 2209.08885, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2022.
    4. Olga Pilipczuk, 2021. "Determinants of Managerial Competences Transformation in the Polish Energy Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-27, October.
    5. Kadir Diler Alemdar & Ömer Kaya & Antonino Canale & Muhammed Yasin Çodur & Tiziana Campisi, 2021. "Evaluation of Air Quality Index by Spatial Analysis Depending on Vehicle Traffic during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Turkey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-15, September.

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