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Evaluation of Air Quality Index by Spatial Analysis Depending on Vehicle Traffic during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Turkey

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  • Kadir Diler Alemdar

    (Transportation Department, Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey)

  • Ömer Kaya

    (Transportation Department, Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey)

  • Antonino Canale

    (Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kore University of Enna, Cittadella, Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy)

  • Muhammed Yasin Çodur

    (Transportation Department, Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey)

  • Tiziana Campisi

    (Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kore University of Enna, Cittadella, Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy)

Abstract

As in other countries of the world, the Turkish government is implementing many preventive partial and total lockdown practices against the virus’s infectious effect. When the first virus case has been detected, the public authorities have taken some restriction to reduce people and traffic mobility, which has also turned into some positive affect in air quality. To this end, the paper aims to examine how this pandemic affects traffic mobility and air quality in Istanbul. The pandemic does not only have a human health impact. This study also investigates the social and environmental effects. In our analysis, we observe, visualize, compare and discuss the impact of the post- and pre-lockdown on Istanbul’s traffic mobility and air quality. To do so, a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach is proposed. Various spatial analyses are performed in GIS with the statistical data used; thus, the environmental effects of the pandemic can be better observed. We test the hypothesis that this has reduced traffic mobility and improved air quality using traffic density cluster set and air monitoring stations (five air pollutant parameters) data for five months. The results shows that there are positive changes in terms of both traffic mobility and air quality, especially in April–May. PM 10 , SO 2 , CO, NO 2 and NO x parameter values improved by 21.21%, 16.55%, 18.82%, 28.62% and 39.99%, respectively. In addition, there was a 7% increase in the average traffic speed. In order for the changes to be permanent, it is recommended to integrate e-mobility and sharing systems into the current transportation network.

Suggested Citation

  • Kadir Diler Alemdar & Ömer Kaya & Antonino Canale & Muhammed Yasin Çodur & Tiziana Campisi, 2021. "Evaluation of Air Quality Index by Spatial Analysis Depending on Vehicle Traffic during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Turkey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:18:p:5729-:d:633527
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    6. Mohan Sarkar & Anupam Das & Sutapa Mukhopadhyay, 2021. "Assessing the immediate impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the air quality of Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal, India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(6), pages 8613-8642, June.
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    1. Abdallah Shanableh & Rami Al-Ruzouq & Mohamad Ali Khalil & Mohamed Barakat A. Gibril & Khaled Hamad & Mohamad Alhosani & Mohammed Hashem Stietiya & Mayyada Al Bardan & Saeed Al Mansoori & Nezar Atalla, 2022. "COVID-19 Lockdown and the Impact on Mobility, Air Quality, and Utility Consumption: A Case Study from Sharjah, United Arab Emirates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-24, February.
    2. Jorge Bañuelos-Gimeno & Natalia Sobrino & Rosa María Arce-Ruiz, 2023. "Effects of Mobility Restrictions on Air Pollution in the Madrid Region during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Periods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-23, August.
    3. Gabriela Ochoa-Covarrubias & Carlos González-Figueredo & Hugo DeAlba-Martínez & Alejandro L. Grindlay, 2021. "Air Quality and Active Transportation Modes: A Spatiotemporal Concurrence Analysis in Guadalajara, Mexico," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-15, December.

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