IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i11p3192-d565352.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Comparative Study of Machine Learning-Based Methods for Global Horizontal Irradiance Forecasting

Author

Listed:
  • Shab Gbémou

    (Physical and Engineering Sciences Department, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
    PROMES-CNRS (UPR 8521), Rambla de la Thermodynamique, Tecnosud, 66100 Perpignan, France)

  • Julien Eynard

    (Physical and Engineering Sciences Department, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
    PROMES-CNRS (UPR 8521), Rambla de la Thermodynamique, Tecnosud, 66100 Perpignan, France)

  • Stéphane Thil

    (Physical and Engineering Sciences Department, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
    PROMES-CNRS (UPR 8521), Rambla de la Thermodynamique, Tecnosud, 66100 Perpignan, France)

  • Emmanuel Guillot

    (PROMES-CNRS (UPR 8521), 7 Rue du Four Solaire, 66120 Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via, France)

  • Stéphane Grieu

    (Physical and Engineering Sciences Department, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
    PROMES-CNRS (UPR 8521), Rambla de la Thermodynamique, Tecnosud, 66100 Perpignan, France)

Abstract

The proliferation of photovoltaic (PV) power generation in power distribution grids induces increasing safety and service quality concerns for grid operators. The inherent variability, essentially due to meteorological conditions, of PV power generation affects the power grid reliability. In order to develop efficient monitoring and control schemes for distribution grids, reliable forecasting of the solar resource at several time horizons that are related to regulation, scheduling, dispatching, and unit commitment, is necessary. PV power generation forecasting can result from forecasting global horizontal irradiance (GHI), which is the total amount of shortwave radiation received from above by a surface horizontal to the ground. A comparative study of machine learning methods is given in this paper, with a focus on the most widely used: Gaussian process regression (GPR), support vector regression (SVR), and artificial neural networks (ANN). Two years of GHI data with a time step of 10 min are used to train the models and forecast GHI at varying time horizons, ranging from 10 min to 4 h . Persistence on the clear-sky index, also known as scaled persistence model, is included in this paper as a reference model. Three criteria are used for in-depth performance estimation: normalized root mean square error (nRMSE), dynamic mean absolute error (DMAE) and coverage width-based criterion (CWC). Results confirm that machine learning-based methods outperform the scaled persistence model. The best-performing machine learning-based methods included in this comparative study are the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network and the GPR model using a rational quadratic kernel with automatic relevance determination.

Suggested Citation

  • Shab Gbémou & Julien Eynard & Stéphane Thil & Emmanuel Guillot & Stéphane Grieu, 2021. "A Comparative Study of Machine Learning-Based Methods for Global Horizontal Irradiance Forecasting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-23, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:3192-:d:565352
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3192/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3192/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ahmed, R. & Sreeram, V. & Mishra, Y. & Arif, M.D., 2020. "A review and evaluation of the state-of-the-art in PV solar power forecasting: Techniques and optimization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    2. Voyant, Cyril & Notton, Gilles & Kalogirou, Soteris & Nivet, Marie-Laure & Paoli, Christophe & Motte, Fabrice & Fouilloy, Alexis, 2017. "Machine learning methods for solar radiation forecasting: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 569-582.
    3. Sharifzadeh, Mahdi & Sikinioti-Lock, Alexandra & Shah, Nilay, 2019. "Machine-learning methods for integrated renewable power generation: A comparative study of artificial neural networks, support vector regression, and Gaussian Process Regression," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 513-538.
    4. Zahedi, A., 2011. "A review of drivers, benefits, and challenges in integrating renewable energy sources into electricity grid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 4775-4779.
    5. Eltawil, Mohamed A. & Zhao, Zhengming, 2010. "Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems: Technical and potential problems--A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 112-129, January.
    6. Ahmed, Adil & Khalid, Muhammad, 2019. "A review on the selected applications of forecasting models in renewable power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 9-21.
    7. Hocaoglu, Fatih Onur & Serttas, Fatih, 2017. "A novel hybrid (Mycielski-Markov) model for hourly solar radiation forecasting," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 635-643.
    8. Ghimire, Sujan & Deo, Ravinesh C. & Raj, Nawin & Mi, Jianchun, 2019. "Deep solar radiation forecasting with convolutional neural network and long short-term memory network algorithms," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    9. Hanany Tolba & Nouha Dkhili & Julien Nou & Julien Eynard & Stéphane Thil & Stéphane Grieu, 2020. "Multi-Horizon Forecasting of Global Horizontal Irradiance Using Online Gaussian Process Regression: A Kernel Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-23, August.
    10. Amrouche, Badia & Le Pivert, Xavier, 2014. "Artificial neural network based daily local forecasting for global solar radiation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 333-341.
    11. Benali, L. & Notton, G. & Fouilloy, A. & Voyant, C. & Dizene, R., 2019. "Solar radiation forecasting using artificial neural network and random forest methods: Application to normal beam, horizontal diffuse and global components," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 871-884.
    12. Sinsel, Simon R. & Riemke, Rhea L. & Hoffmann, Volker H., 2020. "Challenges and solution technologies for the integration of variable renewable energy sources—a review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 2271-2285.
    13. Temitayo O. Olowu & Aditya Sundararajan & Masood Moghaddami & Arif I. Sarwat, 2018. "Future Challenges and Mitigation Methods for High Photovoltaic Penetration: A Survey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-32, July.
    14. Voyant, Cyril & Muselli, Marc & Paoli, Christophe & Nivet, Marie-Laure, 2012. "Numerical weather prediction (NWP) and hybrid ARMA/ANN model to predict global radiation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 341-355.
    15. Diagne, Maimouna & David, Mathieu & Lauret, Philippe & Boland, John & Schmutz, Nicolas, 2013. "Review of solar irradiance forecasting methods and a proposition for small-scale insular grids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 65-76.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Joseph Isabona & Agbotiname Lucky Imoize & Stephen Ojo & Dinh-Thuan Do & Cheng-Chi Lee, 2023. "Machine Learning-Based GPR with LBFGS Kernel Parameters Selection for Optimal Throughput Mining in 5G Wireless Networks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-22, January.
    2. Shih‐Chieh Liao & Shih‐Chieh Chang & Tsung‐Chi Cheng, 2022. "Index‐based renewable energy insurance for Taiwan Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 25(2), pages 145-172, June.
    3. Dong, Xing & Zhang, Chenghui & Sun, Bo, 2022. "Optimization strategy based on robust model predictive control for RES-CCHP system under multiple uncertainties," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    4. Mohamed A. Ali & Ashraf Elsayed & Islam Elkabani & Mohammad Akrami & M. Elsayed Youssef & Gasser E. Hassan, 2023. "Optimizing Artificial Neural Networks for the Accurate Prediction of Global Solar Radiation: A Performance Comparison with Conventional Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-30, August.
    5. Victor Hugo Wentz & Joylan Nunes Maciel & Jorge Javier Gimenez Ledesma & Oswaldo Hideo Ando Junior, 2022. "Solar Irradiance Forecasting to Short-Term PV Power: Accuracy Comparison of ANN and LSTM Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-23, March.
    6. Hossam Fraihat & Amneh A. Almbaideen & Abdullah Al-Odienat & Bassam Al-Naami & Roberto De Fazio & Paolo Visconti, 2022. "Solar Radiation Forecasting by Pearson Correlation Using LSTM Neural Network and ANFIS Method: Application in the West-Central Jordan," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-24, March.
    7. Alfonso Angel Medina-Santana & Leopoldo Eduardo Cárdenas-Barrón, 2022. "Optimal Design of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Considering Weather Forecasting Using Recurrent Neural Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-28, November.
    8. Abdel-Rahman Hedar & Majid Almaraashi & Alaa E. Abdel-Hakim & Mahmoud Abdulrahim, 2021. "Hybrid Machine Learning for Solar Radiation Prediction in Reduced Feature Spaces," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-29, November.
    9. Sergiu-Mihai Hategan & Nicoleta Stefu & Marius Paulescu, 2023. "An Ensemble Approach for Intra-Hour Forecasting of Solar Resource," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-12, September.
    10. Wang, Jianzhou & Yu, Yue & Zeng, Bo & Lu, Haiyan, 2024. "Hybrid ultra-short-term PV power forecasting system for deterministic forecasting and uncertainty analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Samu, Remember & Calais, Martina & Shafiullah, G.M. & Moghbel, Moayed & Shoeb, Md Asaduzzaman & Nouri, Bijan & Blum, Niklas, 2021. "Applications for solar irradiance nowcasting in the control of microgrids: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    2. Munir Husein & Il-Yop Chung, 2019. "Day-Ahead Solar Irradiance Forecasting for Microgrids Using a Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network: A Deep Learning Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-21, May.
    3. Pedregal, Diego J. & Trapero, Juan R., 2021. "Adjusted combination of moving averages: A forecasting system for medium-term solar irradiance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    4. Armando Castillejo-Cuberos & John Boland & Rodrigo Escobar, 2021. "Short-Term Deterministic Solar Irradiance Forecasting Considering a Heuristics-Based, Operational Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-24, September.
    5. Qin, Jun & Jiang, Hou & Lu, Ning & Yao, Ling & Zhou, Chenghu, 2022. "Enhancing solar PV output forecast by integrating ground and satellite observations with deep learning," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    6. Ghimire, Sujan & Deo, Ravinesh C. & Casillas-Pérez, David & Salcedo-Sanz, Sancho, 2022. "Boosting solar radiation predictions with global climate models, observational predictors and hybrid deep-machine learning algorithms," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
    7. Hoyos-Gómez, Laura S. & Ruiz-Muñoz, Jose F. & Ruiz-Mendoza, Belizza J., 2022. "Short-term forecasting of global solar irradiance in tropical environments with incomplete data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    8. Bisoi, Ranjeeta & Dash, Deepak Ranjan & Dash, P.K. & Tripathy, Lokanath, 2022. "An efficient robust optimized functional link broad learning system for solar irradiance prediction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 319(C).
    9. Erdener, Burcin Cakir & Feng, Cong & Doubleday, Kate & Florita, Anthony & Hodge, Bri-Mathias, 2022. "A review of behind-the-meter solar forecasting," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    10. Ajith, Meenu & Martínez-Ramón, Manel, 2021. "Deep learning based solar radiation micro forecast by fusion of infrared cloud images and radiation data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    11. Anh Ngoc-Lan Huynh & Ravinesh C. Deo & Duc-Anh An-Vo & Mumtaz Ali & Nawin Raj & Shahab Abdulla, 2020. "Near Real-Time Global Solar Radiation Forecasting at Multiple Time-Step Horizons Using the Long Short-Term Memory Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-30, July.
    12. Gairaa, Kacem & Voyant, Cyril & Notton, Gilles & Benkaciali, Saïd & Guermoui, Mawloud, 2022. "Contribution of ordinal variables to short-term global solar irradiation forecasting for sites with low variabilities," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 890-902.
    13. Guijo-Rubio, D. & Durán-Rosal, A.M. & Gutiérrez, P.A. & Gómez-Orellana, A.M. & Casanova-Mateo, C. & Sanz-Justo, J. & Salcedo-Sanz, S. & Hervás-Martínez, C., 2020. "Evolutionary artificial neural networks for accurate solar radiation prediction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    14. Martins, Guilherme Santos & Giesbrecht, Mateus, 2021. "Clearness index forecasting: A comparative study between a stochastic realization method and a machine learning algorithm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 787-805.
    15. Narvaez, Gabriel & Giraldo, Luis Felipe & Bressan, Michael & Pantoja, Andres, 2021. "Machine learning for site-adaptation and solar radiation forecasting," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 333-342.
    16. Sylvain Cros & Jordi Badosa & André Szantaï & Martial Haeffelin, 2020. "Reliability Predictors for Solar Irradiance Satellite-Based Forecast," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-21, October.
    17. Jiang, Chengcheng & Zhu, Qunzhi, 2023. "Evaluating the most significant input parameters for forecasting global solar radiation of different sequences based on Informer," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    18. Nie, Yuhao & Li, Xiatong & Paletta, Quentin & Aragon, Max & Scott, Andea & Brandt, Adam, 2024. "Open-source sky image datasets for solar forecasting with deep learning: A comprehensive survey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    19. du Plessis, A.A. & Strauss, J.M. & Rix, A.J., 2021. "Short-term solar power forecasting: Investigating the ability of deep learning models to capture low-level utility-scale Photovoltaic system behaviour," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    20. Mohammad Mahdi Forootan & Iman Larki & Rahim Zahedi & Abolfazl Ahmadi, 2022. "Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Energy Systems: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-49, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:3192-:d:565352. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.