IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i9p2194-d353210.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Energy Vision Strategies for the EU Green New Deal: A Case Study of European Cities

Author

Listed:
  • David Maya-Drysdale

    (Department of Planning, Aalborg University, A. C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Louise Krog Jensen

    (Department of Planning, Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Brian Vad Mathiesen

    (Department of Planning, Aalborg University, A. C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark)

Abstract

There are three strategic levels for successful energy planning in cities: 1) Integration strategy for integrating energy planning into urban planning institutions; 2) Practice strategy for developing suitable energy planning practices in urban planning institutions, and 3) Vision strategy for the creation and integration of energy visions and scenarios required for long-term decarbonisation. The vision strategy is critical but not well researched and is the focus of this article. Using Strategic Energy Planning (SEP) as an analytical framework, the vision strategy of eight forerunner European cities are analysed. Some critical elements of SEP include the use of long-term targets, holistic energy system thinking, and retention of scenarios. The results indicate that the level of understanding and practice of the vision strategy is still deficient in the cities. Cities often use the practice of urban planning, which does not fit very well with energy planning, particularly with the vision strategy. The energy planning in the cities mostly focuses on shorter-term goals and actions, and they often abandon energy scenarios once extracted. However, through trial and error, some cities are finding ways forward. The article concludes with several recommendations, particularly that cities need to see scenarios as retainable long-term servants providing information desired by the planner, rather than serving as a guide to the planner.

Suggested Citation

  • David Maya-Drysdale & Louise Krog Jensen & Brian Vad Mathiesen, 2020. "Energy Vision Strategies for the EU Green New Deal: A Case Study of European Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:9:p:2194-:d:353210
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/9/2194/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/9/2194/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Lund, Henrik, 2016. "Roles of local and national energy systems in the integration of renewable energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 419-429.
    2. Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Lund, Henrik, 2017. "Cross-border versus cross-sector interconnectivity in renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 492-501.
    3. Paul M. Williams, 2002. "Community strategies: mainstreaming sustainable development and strategic planning?," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 10(4), pages 197-205.
    4. Bale, Catherine S.E. & Foxon, Timothy J. & Hannon, Matthew J. & Gale, William F., 2012. "Strategic energy planning within local authorities in the UK: A study of the city of Leeds," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 242-251.
    5. Mirakyan, Atom & De Guio, Roland, 2013. "Integrated energy planning in cities and territories: A review of methods and tools," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 289-297.
    6. Ali Bagheri & Peder Hjorth, 2007. "Planning for sustainable development: a paradigm shift towards a process-based approach," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 15(2), pages 83-96.
    7. Raphaële Thery & Pascale Zarate, 2009. "Energy planning: a multi-level and multicriteria decision making structure proposal," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 17(3), pages 265-274, September.
    8. Keirstead, James & Jennings, Mark & Sivakumar, Aruna, 2012. "A review of urban energy system models: Approaches, challenges and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 3847-3866.
    9. David Drysdale & Brian Vad Mathiesen & Henrik Lund, 2019. "From Carbon Calculators to Energy System Analysis in Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-21, June.
    10. Connolly, D. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Ridjan, I., 2014. "A comparison between renewable transport fuels that can supplement or replace biofuels in a 100% renewable energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 110-125.
    11. Lund, Henrik & Andersen, Anders N. & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Connolly, David, 2012. "From electricity smart grids to smart energy systems – A market operation based approach and understanding," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 96-102.
    12. Gokul Iyer & James Edmonds, 2018. "Interpreting energy scenarios," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 3(5), pages 357-358, May.
    13. Mourmouris, J.C. & Potolias, C., 2013. "A multi-criteria methodology for energy planning and developing renewable energy sources at a regional level: A case study Thassos, Greece," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 522-530.
    14. Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Connolly, David & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2017. "Smart energy and smart energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 556-565.
    15. Möller, Bernd & Wiechers, Eva & Persson, Urban & Grundahl, Lars & Lund, Rasmus Søgaard & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2019. "Heat Roadmap Europe: Towards EU-Wide, local heat supply strategies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 554-564.
    16. Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Lund, Henrik & Karlsson, Kenneth, 2011. "100% Renewable energy systems, climate mitigation and economic growth," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 488-501, February.
    17. Assoumou, Edi & Marmorat, Jean-Paul & Roy, Valérie, 2015. "Investigating long-term energy and CO2 mitigation options at city scale: A technical analysis for the city of Bologna," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(P3), pages 592-611.
    18. Xydis, G., 2012. "Development of an integrated methodology for the energy needs of a major urban city: The case study of Athens, Greece," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(9), pages 6705-6716.
    19. Trutnevyte, Evelina & Stauffacher, Michael & Scholz, Roland W., 2012. "Linking stakeholder visions with resource allocation scenarios and multi-criteria assessment," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 219(3), pages 762-772.
    20. Hansen, Kenneth & Breyer, Christian & Lund, Henrik, 2019. "Status and perspectives on 100% renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 471-480.
    21. Lund, H. & Möller, B. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Dyrelund, A., 2010. "The role of district heating in future renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 1381-1390.
    22. van Sluisveld, Mariësse A.E. & Hof, Andries F. & Carrara, Samuel & Geels, Frank W. & Nilsson, Måns & Rogge, Karoline & Turnheim, Bruno & van Vuuren, Detlef P., 2020. "Aligning integrated assessment modelling with socio-technical transition insights: An application to low-carbon energy scenario analysis in Europe," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    23. Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Stadler, Ingo, 2011. "Towards 100% renewable energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 419-421, February.
    24. Sperling, Karl, 2017. "How does a pioneer community energy project succeed in practice? The case of the Samsø Renewable Energy Island," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 884-897.
    25. Sperling, Karl & Hvelplund, Frede & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2011. "Centralisation and decentralisation in strategic municipal energy planning in Denmark," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 1338-1351, March.
    26. Cormio, C. & Dicorato, M. & Minoia, A. & Trovato, M., 2003. "A regional energy planning methodology including renewable energy sources and environmental constraints," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 7(2), pages 99-130, April.
    27. Connolly, D. & Lund, H. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Leahy, M., 2011. "The first step towards a 100% renewable energy-system for Ireland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 502-507, February.
    28. Trutnevyte, Evelina & Stauffacher, Michael & Scholz, Roland W., 2011. "Supporting energy initiatives in small communities by linking visions with energy scenarios and multi-criteria assessment," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(12), pages 7884-7895.
    29. Dincer, Ibrahim & Acar, Canan, 2017. "Smart energy systems for a sustainable future," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 225-235.
    30. Geels, F.W. & McMeekin, A. & Pfluger, B., 2020. "Socio-technical scenarios as a methodological tool to explore social and political feasibility in low-carbon transitions: Bridging computer models and the multi-level perspective in UK electricity gen," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    31. T.S. Veeman & J. Politylo, 2003. "The Role of Institutions and Policy in Enhancing Sustainable Development and Conserving Natural Capital," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 5(3), pages 317-332, September.
    32. Ridjan, Iva & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Connolly, David & Duić, Neven, 2013. "The feasibility of synthetic fuels in renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 76-84.
    33. Hansen, Kenneth & Connolly, David & Lund, Henrik & Drysdale, David & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck, 2016. "Heat Roadmap Europe: Identifying the balance between saving heat and supplying heat," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P3), pages 1663-1671.
    34. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Lund, Henrik, 2011. "A renewable energy system in Frederikshavn using low-temperature geothermal energy for district heating," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 479-487, February.
    35. Korberg, Andrei David & Skov, Iva Ridjan & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2020. "The role of biogas and biogas-derived fuels in a 100% renewable energy system in Denmark," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    36. Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Lund, Henrik & Connolly, David, 2012. "Limiting biomass consumption for heating in 100% renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 160-168.
    37. Lund, H. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2009. "Energy system analysis of 100% renewable energy systems—The case of Denmark in years 2030 and 2050," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 524-531.
    38. Connolly, D. & Lund, H. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Werner, S. & Möller, B. & Persson, U. & Boermans, T. & Trier, D. & Østergaard, P.A. & Nielsen, S., 2014. "Heat Roadmap Europe: Combining district heating with heat savings to decarbonise the EU energy system," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 475-489.
    39. Alberg Østergaard, Poul & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Möller, Bernd & Lund, Henrik, 2010. "A renewable energy scenario for Aalborg Municipality based on low-temperature geothermal heat, wind power and biomass," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 4892-4901.
    40. Persson, U. & Möller, B. & Werner, S., 2014. "Heat Roadmap Europe: Identifying strategic heat synergy regions," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 663-681.
    41. Ćosić, Boris & Krajačić, Goran & Duić, Neven, 2012. "A 100% renewable energy system in the year 2050: The case of Macedonia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 80-87.
    42. Mathiesen, B.V. & Lund, H. & Connolly, D. & Wenzel, H. & Østergaard, P.A. & Möller, B. & Nielsen, S. & Ridjan, I. & Karnøe, P. & Sperling, K. & Hvelplund, F.K., 2015. "Smart Energy Systems for coherent 100% renewable energy and transport solutions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 139-154.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Silvia Soutullo & Laura Aelenei & Per Sieverts Nielsen & Jose Antonio Ferrer & Helder Gonçalves, 2020. "Testing Platforms as Drivers for Positive-Energy Living Laboratories," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-21, October.
    2. Giulia Turci & Beril Alpagut & Paolo Civiero & Michal Kuzmic & Serena Pagliula & Gilda Massa & Vicky Albert-Seifried & Oscar Seco & Silvia Soutullo, 2021. "A Comprehensive PED-Database for Mapping and Comparing Positive Energy Districts Experiences at European Level," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-24, December.
    3. Sylvain Zeghni & Nathalie Fabry, 2023. "Nachhaltige Information und die Dekarbonisierungsstrategie der europäischen Städte [Sustainable information and decarbonization strategy for European cities]," Post-Print hal-04284996, HAL.
    4. Wang, Di & Han, Xinrui & Li, Haoyu & Li, Xiaoli, 2023. "Dynamic simulation and parameter analysis of solar-coal hybrid power plant based on the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    5. Merit Tatar & Tarmo Kalvet & Marek Tiits, 2020. "Cities4ZERO Approach to Foresight for Fostering Smart Energy Transition on Municipal Level," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-30, July.
    6. Bjarnhedinn Gudlaugsson & Dana Abi Ghanem & Huda Dawood & Gobind Pillai & Michael Short, 2022. "A Qualitative Based Causal-Loop Diagram for Understanding Policy Design Challenges for a Sustainable Transition Pathway: The Case of Tees Valley Region, UK," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-49, April.
    7. Silviu Nate & Yuriy Bilan & Danylo Cherevatskyi & Ganna Kharlamova & Oleksandr Lyakh & Agnieszka Wosiak, 2021. "The Impact of Energy Consumption on the Three Pillars of Sustainable Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-20, March.
    8. Nerea Portillo Juan & Vicente Negro Valdecantos & Javier Olalde Rodríguez & Gregorio Iglesias, 2024. "Environmental Policy vs. the Reality of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Top Emitting Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-25, November.
    9. Victor I. Espinosa & José Antonio Peña-Ramos & Fátima Recuero-López, 2021. "The Political Economy of Rent-Seeking: Evidence from Spain’s Support Policies for Renewable Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-16, July.
    10. Kılkış, Şiir, 2023. "Integrated urban scenarios of emissions, land use efficiency and benchmarking for climate neutrality and sustainability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    11. Christina E. Hoicka & Jessica Conroy & Anna Berka, 2021. "Reconfiguring actors and infrastructure in city renewable energy transitions: a regional perspective," GEIST - Geography of Innovation and Sustainability Transitions 2021(06), GEIST Working Paper Series.
    12. Hoicka, Christina E. & Conroy, Jessica & Berka, Anna L., 2021. "Reconfiguring actors and infrastructure in city renewable energy transitions: A regional perspective," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    13. Rasmus Magni Johannsen & Poul Alberg Østergaard & David Maya-Drysdale & Louise Krog Elmegaard Mouritsen, 2021. "Designing Tools for Energy System Scenario Making in Municipal Energy Planning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-17, March.
    14. Anna Komarnicka & Anna Murawska, 2021. "Comparison of Consumption and Renewable Sources of Energy in European Union Countries—Sectoral Indicators, Economic Conditions and Environmental Impacts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-24, June.
    15. Yuehong Lu & Zafar A. Khan & Manuel S. Alvarez-Alvarado & Yang Zhang & Zhijia Huang & Muhammad Imran, 2020. "A Critical Review of Sustainable Energy Policies for the Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-31, June.
    16. Kılkış, Şiir & Ulpiani, Giulia & Vetters, Nadja, 2024. "Visions for climate neutrality and opportunities for co-learning in European cities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Østergaard, P.A. & Lund, H. & Thellufsen, J.Z. & Sorknæs, P. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2022. "Review and validation of EnergyPLAN," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    2. Mathiesen, B.V. & Lund, H. & Connolly, D. & Wenzel, H. & Østergaard, P.A. & Möller, B. & Nielsen, S. & Ridjan, I. & Karnøe, P. & Sperling, K. & Hvelplund, F.K., 2015. "Smart Energy Systems for coherent 100% renewable energy and transport solutions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 139-154.
    3. Bačeković, Ivan & Østergaard, Poul Alberg, 2018. "Local smart energy systems and cross-system integration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 812-825.
    4. Hansen, Kenneth & Breyer, Christian & Lund, Henrik, 2019. "Status and perspectives on 100% renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 471-480.
    5. Connolly, D. & Lund, H. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2016. "Smart Energy Europe: The technical and economic impact of one potential 100% renewable energy scenario for the European Union," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1634-1653.
    6. Sveinbjörnsson, Dadi & Ben Amer-Allam, Sara & Hansen, Anders Bavnhøj & Algren, Loui & Pedersen, Allan Schrøder, 2017. "Energy supply modelling of a low-CO2 emitting energy system: Case study of a Danish municipality," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 922-941.
    7. Djørup, Søren & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Sorknæs, Peter, 2018. "The electricity market in a renewable energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 148-157.
    8. Md. Nasimul Islam Maruf, 2019. "Sector Coupling in the North Sea Region—A Review on the Energy System Modelling Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-35, November.
    9. David Drysdale & Brian Vad Mathiesen & Henrik Lund, 2019. "From Carbon Calculators to Energy System Analysis in Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-21, June.
    10. Sperling, K. & Arler, F., 2020. "Local government innovation in the energy sector: A study of key actors’ strategies and arguments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    11. Vidal-Amaro, Juan José & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Sheinbaum-Pardo, Claudia, 2015. "Optimal energy mix for transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources – The case of the Mexican electricity system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 80-96.
    12. Hansen, Kenneth & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Skov, Iva Ridjan, 2019. "Full energy system transition towards 100% renewable energy in Germany in 2050," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 1-13.
    13. Lund, Henrik & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Sorknæs, Peter & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Chang, Miguel & Madsen, Poul Thøis & Kany, Mikkel Strunge & Skov, Iva Ridjan, 2022. "Smart energy Denmark. A consistent and detailed strategy for a fully decarbonized society," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    14. Kwon, Pil Seok & Østergaard, Poul Alberg, 2013. "Priority order in using biomass resources – Energy systems analyses of future scenarios for Denmark," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 86-94.
    15. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Jantzen, Jan & Marczinkowski, Hannah Mareike & Kristensen, Michael, 2019. "Business and socioeconomic assessment of introducing heat pumps with heat storage in small-scale district heating systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 904-914.
    16. Bačeković, Ivan & Østergaard, Poul Alberg, 2018. "A smart energy system approach vs a non-integrated renewable energy system approach to designing a future energy system in Zagreb," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 824-837.
    17. Lund, Henrik & Skov, Iva Ridjan & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Sorknæs, Peter & Korberg, Andrei David & Chang, Miguel & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Kany, Mikkel Strunge, 2022. "The role of sustainable bioenergy in a fully decarbonised society," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 195-203.
    18. Lund, Henrik & Werner, Sven & Wiltshire, Robin & Svendsen, Svend & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Hvelplund, Frede & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2014. "4th Generation District Heating (4GDH)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 1-11.
    19. Ma, Weiwu & Xue, Xinpei & Liu, Gang, 2018. "Techno-economic evaluation for hybrid renewable energy system: Application and merits," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 385-409.
    20. Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Lund, Henrik, 2016. "Roles of local and national energy systems in the integration of renewable energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 419-429.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:9:p:2194-:d:353210. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.