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Proton Exchange Membrane Hydrogen Fuel Cell as the Grid Connected Power Generator

Author

Listed:
  • Koushik Ahmed

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh)

  • Omar Farrok

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh)

  • Md Mominur Rahman

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh)

  • Md Sawkat Ali

    (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh)

  • Md Mejbaul Haque

    (School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
    Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh)

  • Abul Kalam Azad

    (School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia)

Abstract

In this paper, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is implemented as a grid-connected electrical generator that uses hydrogen gas as fuel and air as an oxidant to produce electricity through electrochemical reactions. Analysis demonstrated that the performance of the PEMFC greatly depends on the rate of fuel supply and air supply pressure. Critical fuel and air supply pressures of the PEMFC are analysed to test its feasibility for the grid connection. Air and fuel supply pressures are varied to observe the effects on the PEMFC characteristics, efficiency, fuel supply, and air consumption over time. The PEMFC model is then implemented into an electrical power system with the aid of power electronics applications. Detailed mathematical modelling of the PEMFC is discussed with justification. The PEMFC functions as an electrical generator that is connected to the local grid through a power converter and a transformer. Modulation of the converter is controlled by means of a proportional-integral controller. The two-axis control methodology is applied to the current control of the system. The output voltage waveform and control actions of the controller on the current and frequency of the proposed system are plotted as well. Simulation results show that the PEMFC performs efficiently under certain air and fuel pressures, and it can effectively supply electrical power to the grid.

Suggested Citation

  • Koushik Ahmed & Omar Farrok & Md Mominur Rahman & Md Sawkat Ali & Md Mejbaul Haque & Abul Kalam Azad, 2020. "Proton Exchange Membrane Hydrogen Fuel Cell as the Grid Connected Power Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:24:p:6679-:d:464031
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sharaf, Omar Z. & Orhan, Mehmet F., 2014. "An overview of fuel cell technology: Fundamentals and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 810-853.
    2. Kirubakaran, A. & Jain, Shailendra & Nema, R.K., 2009. "A review on fuel cell technologies and power electronic interface," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(9), pages 2430-2440, December.
    3. Adam Polak, 2020. "Simulation of Fuzzy Control of Oxygen Flow in PEM Fuel Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-26, May.
    4. Vietja Tullius & Marco Zobel & Alexander Dyck, 2020. "Development of a Heuristic Control Algorithm for Detection and Regeneration of CO Poisoned LT-PEMFC Stacks in Stationary Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-10, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Viviana Cigolotti & Matteo Genovese & Petronilla Fragiacomo, 2021. "Comprehensive Review on Fuel Cell Technology for Stationary Applications as Sustainable and Efficient Poly-Generation Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-28, August.
    2. Talal Yusaf & K. Kadirgama & Steve Hall & Louis Fernandes, 2022. "The Future of Sustainable Aviation Fuels, Challenges and Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-4, November.
    3. Abdul Ghani Olabi & Enas Taha Sayed, 2023. "Developments in Hydrogen Fuel Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-5, March.
    4. Asim Kumar Sarker & Abul Kalam Azad & Mohammad G. Rasul & Arun Teja Doppalapudi, 2023. "Prospect of Green Hydrogen Generation from Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-17, February.
    5. Nguyen Van Duc Long & Le Cao Nhien & Moonyong Lee, 2023. "Advanced Technologies in Hydrogen Revolution," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-4, February.
    6. Carlo Cunanan & Manh-Kien Tran & Youngwoo Lee & Shinghei Kwok & Vincent Leung & Michael Fowler, 2021. "A Review of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Powertrain Technologies: Diesel Engine Vehicles, Battery Electric Vehicles, and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-16, June.
    7. Murthy Priya & Pathipooranam Ponnambalam, 2022. "Circulating Current Control of Phase-Shifted Carrier-Based Modular Multilevel Converter Fed by Fuel Cell Employing Fuzzy Logic Control Technique," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-26, August.
    8. Hegazy Rezk & Tabbi Wilberforce & A. G. Olabi & Rania M. Ghoniem & Enas Taha Sayed & Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, 2023. "Optimal Parameter Identification of a PEM Fuel Cell Using Recent Optimization Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-20, July.

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