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A Review of the Measures and Instruments to Promote Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Domestic Water Heating

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  • Dania Ortiz

    (Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Vítor Leal

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Isabel Azevedo

    (Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

Abstract

This paper identifies and characterizes the technical measures and policy instruments that can be used to promote energy efficiency and the use of renewable sources for domestic hot water (DHW). DHW presents a considerable potential for abatement of greenhouse gas emissions around the world. Measures were characterized in terms of level of transformation, impact and scope, among others. Policy instruments were characterized in terms of target groups, competences required for implementation, major challenges and nature of the instruments. A matrix showing the applicability of policy instruments per technical measure was derived, enabling policy makersto better choose articulated measures and policy instruments for their policy packs.

Suggested Citation

  • Dania Ortiz & Vítor Leal & Isabel Azevedo, 2020. "A Review of the Measures and Instruments to Promote Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Domestic Water Heating," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-21, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:20:p:5370-:d:428422
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Juan Aranda & Ignacio Zabalza & Andrea Conserva & Gema Millán, 2017. "Analysis of Energy Efficiency Measures and Retrofitting Solutions for Social Housing Buildings in Spain as a Way to Mitigate Energy Poverty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-22, October.
    2. Majcen, Daša & Itard, Laure & Visscher, Henk, 2016. "Actual heating energy savings in thermally renovated Dutch dwellings," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 82-92.
    3. Aleksandra Novikova, 2010. "Methodologies for Assessment of Building's Energy Efficiency and Conservation: A Policy-Maker View," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1086, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
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    Cited by:

    1. Vítor Leal, 2021. "Buildings Energy Efficiency and Innovative Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-5, August.

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