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Power Capability Boundaries for an Inverter Providing Multiple Grid Support Services

Author

Listed:
  • Markel Zubiaga

    (Ingeteam R & D Europe S. L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain)

  • Alain Sanchez-Ruiz

    (Ingeteam R & D Europe S. L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain)

  • Eneko Olea

    (Ingeteam Power Technology S.A., 48170 Zamudio, Spain)

  • Eneko Unamuno

    (Electronics and Computing Department, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 20500 Mondragon, Spain)

  • Aitor Bilbao

    (Electronics and Computing Department, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 20500 Mondragon, Spain)

  • Joseba Arza

    (Ingeteam R & D Europe S. L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain)

Abstract

It is getting more common every day to install inverters that offer several grid support services in parallel. As these services are provided, a simultaneous need arises to know the combined limit of the inverter for those services. In the present paper, operational limits are addressed based on a utility scale for a real inverter scenario with an energy storage system (ESS) (1.5 MW). The paper begins by explaining how active and reactive power limits are calculated, illustrating the PQ maps depending on the converter rated current and voltage. Then, the effect of the negative sequence injection, the phase shift of compensated harmonics and the transformer de-rating are introduced step-by-step. Finally, inverter limits for active filter applications are summarized, to finally estimate active and reactive power limits along with the harmonic current injection for some example cases. The results show that while the phase shift of the injected negative sequence has a significant effect in the available inverter current, this is not the case for the phase shift of injected harmonics. However, the amplitude of the injected negative sequence and harmonics will directly impact the power capabilities of the inverter and therefore, depending on the grid-side voltage, it might be interesting to design an output transformer with a different de-rating factor to increase the power capabilities.

Suggested Citation

  • Markel Zubiaga & Alain Sanchez-Ruiz & Eneko Olea & Eneko Unamuno & Aitor Bilbao & Joseba Arza, 2020. "Power Capability Boundaries for an Inverter Providing Multiple Grid Support Services," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:17:p:4314-:d:401514
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gonzalo Abad & Aitor Laka & Gabriel Saavedra & Jon Andoni Barrena, 2018. "Analytical Modeling Approach to Study Harmonic Mitigation in AC Grids with Active Impedance at Selective Frequencies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-31, May.
    2. Yunhwan Lee & Hwachang Song, 2019. "A Reactive Power Compensation Strategy for Voltage Stability Challenges in the Korean Power System with Dynamic Loads," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-19, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Markel Zubiaga & Carmen Cardozo & Thibault Prevost & Alain Sanchez-Ruiz & Eneko Olea & Pedro Izurza & Siam Hasan Khan & Joseba Arza, 2021. "Enhanced TVI for Grid Forming VSC under Unbalanced Faults," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, September.
    2. Gonzalo Abad & Alain Sanchez-Ruiz & Juan José Valera-García & Aritz Milikua, 2020. "Analysis and Design Guidelines for Current Control Loops of Grid-Connected Converters Based on Mathematical Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-47, November.

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