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Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation of the Working Fluid Temperature Levels in a CPV/T System

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  • Carlo Renno

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy)

Abstract

A linear focus Concentrator Photovoltaic and Thermal (CPV/T) system can match the thermal demands of a user. The evaluation of the cooling fluid temperature levels of a CPV/T system is fundamental to understand if this system is capable of satisfying the typical thermal requirements of a residential user (heating, cooling and domestic hot water). First, an experimental line-focus CPV/T system, realized in the Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics of the University of Salerno (Italy), has allowed to determine the cooling fluid temperature at the CPV/T system outlet. Successively, the cooling fluid temperatures, experimentally obtained, have been compared with the same temperatures calculated by means of a theoretical model under the same operation conditions. A deviation in terms of the percentage relative error between theoretical and experimental results included between about 0.5% and 5%, has been found. The goodness of the theoretical–experimental comparison in terms of the temperature of the operation fluid at the CPV/T system outlet has represented a fundamental point to evaluate theoretically, by means of the TRNSYS software, the other levels of temperature of an integrated system, constituted by CPV/T system, thermal tank and user, for different temporal scenarios (hourly, weekly, monthly and yearly). The input data of the TRNSYS model are: Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI), Triple-Junction (TJ) cell temperature and environmental conditions. A tank model is also adopted to satisfy the thermal energy demand peaks, and the temperature stratification in the tank linked to the CPV/T system, as function of the height, is obtained in winter and summer. It is important to define these thermal levels to verify if a CPV/T system is capable to satisfy the residential user energy demands or a thermal energy integration is necessary in some periods of the year. A good stratification has been noted in the summer season, with temperature values that are variable between about 40 and 90 °C. From April to October, the tank average temperature is generally resulted about 10 °C higher than the temperature required by the fluid sent to the residential user, and a very low integration is then necessary. It has been verified that the CPV/T system covers a large part of the thermal energy needs of the residential user during the year; the coverage is limited only in the winter months.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlo Renno, 2020. "Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation of the Working Fluid Temperature Levels in a CPV/T System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-17, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:12:p:3077-:d:371309
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Karathanassis, I.K. & Papanicolaou, E. & Belessiotis, V. & Bergeles, G.C., 2019. "Dynamic simulation and exergetic optimization of a Concentrating Photovoltaic/ Thermal (CPVT) system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 1035-1047.
    2. Xiao Gong & Fan Li & Bo Sun & Dong Liu, 2020. "Collaborative Optimization of Multi-Energy Complementary Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Systems Considering Schedulable Loads," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-17, February.
    3. Carlo Renno, 2018. "Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of a Linear Focus CPV/T System for Cogeneration Purposes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, October.
    4. Sharaf, Omar Z. & Orhan, Mehmet F., 2015. "Concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) solar collector systems: Part II – Implemented systems, performance assessment, and future directions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1566-1633.
    5. Kerzmann, Tony & Schaefer, Laura, 2012. "System simulation of a linear concentrating photovoltaic system with an active cooling system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 254-261.
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    Cited by:

    1. Karolina Papis-Frączek & Krzysztof Sornek, 2022. "A Review on Heat Extraction Devices for CPVT Systems with Active Liquid Cooling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-49, August.
    2. Carlo Renno & Alessandro Perone & Diana D’Agostino & Francesco Minichiello, 2023. "Performance Evaluation of a Linear CPV/T System in Different Working Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-19, February.
    3. Santos, Daniel & Azgın, Ahmet & Castro, Jesus & Kizildag, Deniz & Rigola, Joaquim & Tunçel, Bilge & Turan, Raşit & Preßmair, Rupert & Felsberger, Richard & Buchroithner, Armin, 2023. "Thermal and fluid dynamic optimization of a CPV-T receiver for solar co-generation applications: Numerical modelling and experimental validation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 87-99.
    4. Carlo Renno, 2021. "Experimental Comparison between Spherical and Refractive Optics in a Concentrating Photovoltaic System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-15, July.
    5. Renno, C. & Perone, A., 2021. "Experimental modeling of the optical and energy performances of a point-focus CPV system applied to a residential user," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PA).
    6. Carlo Renno & Fabio Petito & Diana D’Agostino & Francesco Minichiello, 2020. "Modeling of a CPV/T-ORC Combined System Adopted for an Industrial User," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-17, July.
    7. Carlo Renno & Alessandro Perone & Diana D’Agostino & Francesco Minichiello, 2021. "Experimental and Economic Analysis of a Concentrating Photovoltaic System Applied to Users of Increasing Size," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-18, August.

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