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Overview on Grid-Forming Inverter Control Methods

Author

Listed:
  • Peter Unruh

    (Power System Stability and Converter Technology Division, Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE, 34119 Kassel, Germany)

  • Maria Nuschke

    (Power System Stability and Converter Technology Division, Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE, 34119 Kassel, Germany)

  • Philipp Strauß

    (Power System Stability and Converter Technology Division, Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE, 34119 Kassel, Germany)

  • Friedrich Welck

    (Power System Stability and Converter Technology Division, Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE, 34119 Kassel, Germany)

Abstract

In this paper, different control approaches for grid-forming inverters are discussed and compared with the grid-forming properties of synchronous machines. Grid-forming inverters are able to operate AC grids with or without rotating machines. In the past, they have been successfully deployed in inverter dominated island grids or in uninterruptable power supply (UPS) systems. It is expected that with increasing shares of inverter-based electrical power generation, grid-forming inverters will also become relevant for interconnected power systems. In contrast to conventional current-controlled inverters, grid-forming inverters do not immediately follow the grid voltage. They form voltage phasors that have an inertial behavior. In consequence, they can inherently deliver momentary reserve and increase power grid resilience.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Unruh & Maria Nuschke & Philipp Strauß & Friedrich Welck, 2020. "Overview on Grid-Forming Inverter Control Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-21, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:10:p:2589-:d:360381
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tayab, Usman Bashir & Roslan, Mohd Azrik Bin & Hwai, Leong Jenn & Kashif, Muhammad, 2017. "A review of droop control techniques for microgrid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 717-727.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hoffstaedt, J.P. & Truijen, D.P.K. & Fahlbeck, J. & Gans, L.H.A. & Qudaih, M. & Laguna, A.J. & De Kooning, J.D.M. & Stockman, K. & Nilsson, H. & Storli, P.-T. & Engel, B. & Marence, M. & Bricker, J.D., 2022. "Low-head pumped hydro storage: A review of applicable technologies for design, grid integration, control and modelling," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    2. Solat, Amirhossein & Gharehpetian, G.B. & Naderi, Mehdi Salay & Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad, 2024. "On the control of microgrids against cyber-attacks: A review of methods and applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PA).
    3. Dai Orihara & Hisao Taoka & Hiroshi Kikusato & Jun Hashimoto & Kenji Otani & Takahiro Takamatsu & Takashi Oozeki & Takahiro Matsuura & Satoshi Miyazaki & Hiromu Hamada & Teru Miyazaki, 2022. "Internal Induced Voltage Modification for Current Limitation in Virtual Synchronous Machine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-16, January.
    4. Musca, Rossano & Vasile, Antony & Zizzo, Gaetano, 2022. "Grid-forming converters. A critical review of pilot projects and demonstrators," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).

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