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Grid-forming converters. A critical review of pilot projects and demonstrators

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  • Musca, Rossano
  • Vasile, Antony
  • Zizzo, Gaetano

Abstract

Grid-forming control can be a useful solution for all dynamic issues in weak grids and for providing ancillary services. It represents the new frontier in modern power electronics, responding to the needs of power systems more and more rich in renewables and, for this reason, with lower inertia. Today, the research on grid-forming is mainly oriented to propose new and more effective control schemes and to evaluate their performances with simulation tools, but few works in the literature focus on the results of on-field experimentation. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of grid-forming pilot projects and demonstrators developed worldwide. The work describes the main pilots providing an accurate analysis of the technical features of each demonstrator, and it proposes a critical discussion on the motivations that have driven each installation and on the results which have been obtained or are expected. The demonstrators are finally compared remarking their analogies and differences, trying to chart the development trajectory of this new technology and suggesting some future developments for experimental tests on pilot systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Musca, Rossano & Vasile, Antony & Zizzo, Gaetano, 2022. "Grid-forming converters. A critical review of pilot projects and demonstrators," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:165:y:2022:i:c:s1364032122004506
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112551
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lennart Petersen & Florin Iov & German Claudio Tarnowski & Vahan Gevorgian & Przemyslaw Koralewicz & Daniel-Ioan Stroe, 2019. "Validating Performance Models for Hybrid Power Plant Control Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-26, November.
    2. Peter Unruh & Maria Nuschke & Philipp Strauß & Friedrich Welck, 2020. "Overview on Grid-Forming Inverter Control Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-21, May.
    3. Diala Nouti & Ferdinanda Ponci & Antonello Monti, 2021. "Heterogeneous Inertia Estimation for Power Systems with High Penetration of Converter-Interfaced Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Mariano G. Ippolito & Rossano Musca & Eleonora Riva Sanseverino & Gaetano Zizzo, 2022. "Frequency Dynamics in Fully Non-Synchronous Electrical Grids: A Case Study of an Existing Island," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-24, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ahmed, Faraedoon & Al Kez, Dlzar & McLoone, Seán & Best, Robert James & Cameron, Ché & Foley, Aoife, 2023. "Dynamic grid stability in low carbon power systems with minimum inertia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 486-506.

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