IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2019i1p115-d301802.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Changes in Wave Energy in the Shelf Seas of India during the Last 40 Years Based on ERA5 Reanalysis Data

Author

Listed:
  • M. M. Amrutha

    (Ocean Engineering Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), Dona Paula 403004, India
    Marine Science Department, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620023, India)

  • V. Sanil Kumar

    (Ocean Engineering Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), Dona Paula 403004, India)

Abstract

Ocean wave energy is one of the cleanest renewable energy sources around the globe, but wave energy varies widely from place to place and from time to time. The long-term variability of wave power at 20 locations in the Indian shelf seas from 1979 to 2018 is described here using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts recently released ERA5 reanalysis hourly data. The variability is calculated on a yearly and monthly basis for the locations based on the coefficient of variation. The annual average wave power varied from 2.3 (at location 16 in the western Bay of Bengal) to 11 kW/m (at location 2 in the northeastern Arabian Sea). Along the western shelf seas, the maximum value of wave power is during the southwest monsoon period and along the east coast, it is during the tropical cyclone period. The standard deviation in wave power is more than the mean value at locations along the northern shelf seas of India, indicating a large variability in wave power in an annual cycle. The west coast locations are shown to have a slightly higher increasing trend with an average of 0.024 kW/m per year, while the increasing trend in wave power of east coast locations is with an average of 0.015 kW/m per year. The study also examines the variation in wave power from deep to shallow water at 2 locations using the wave characteristics obtained from the numerical model SWAN. The electric power output from a few wave energy converters are calculated for all the locations and found that the southernmost locations have a steady and higher percentage of power production.

Suggested Citation

  • M. M. Amrutha & V. Sanil Kumar, 2019. "Changes in Wave Energy in the Shelf Seas of India during the Last 40 Years Based on ERA5 Reanalysis Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-23, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2019:i:1:p:115-:d:301802
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/1/115/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/1/115/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sannasiraj, S.A. & Sundar, V., 2016. "Assessment of wave energy potential and its harvesting approach along the Indian coast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 398-409.
    2. Astariz, S. & Iglesias, G., 2015. "The economics of wave energy: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 397-408.
    3. Reguero, B.G. & Losada, I.J. & Méndez, F.J., 2015. "A global wave power resource and its seasonal, interannual and long-term variability," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 366-380.
    4. Dina Silva & Eugen Rusu & Carlos Guedes Soares, 2013. "Evaluation of Various Technologies for Wave Energy Conversion in the Portuguese Nearshore," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-21, March.
    5. Sanil Kumar, V. & Anoop, T.R., 2015. "Wave energy resource assessment for the Indian shelf seas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 212-219.
    6. Mala, K. & Jayaraj, J. & Jayashankar, V. & Muruganandam, T.M. & Santhakumar, S. & Ravindran, M. & Takao, M. & Setoguchi, T. & Toyota, K. & Nagata, S., 2011. "A twin unidirectional impulse turbine topology for OWC based wave energy plants – Experimental validation and scaling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 307-314.
    7. Raju, V.S. & Ravindran, M., 1997. "Wave energy: Potential and programme in India," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 339-345.
    8. Tunde Aderinto & Hua Li, 2018. "Ocean Wave Energy Converters: Status and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-26, May.
    9. Rao, T.V.S.Narasimha & Sundar, V., 1982. "Estimation of wave power potential along the Indian coastline," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 7(10), pages 839-845.
    10. Sheng, Wanan, 2019. "Power performance of BBDB OWC wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 709-722.
    11. Neill, Simon P. & Hashemi, M. Reza, 2013. "Wave power variability over the northwest European shelf seas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 31-46.
    12. Babarit, A. & Hals, J. & Muliawan, M.J. & Kurniawan, A. & Moan, T. & Krokstad, J., 2012. "Numerical benchmarking study of a selection of wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 44-63.
    13. Rusu, Eugen & Onea, Florin, 2016. "Estimation of the wave energy conversion efficiency in the Atlantic Ocean close to the European islands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 687-703.
    14. Gunn, Kester & Stock-Williams, Clym, 2012. "Quantifying the global wave power resource," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 296-304.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fairley, Iain & Lewis, Matthew & Robertson, Bryson & Hemer, Mark & Masters, Ian & Horrillo-Caraballo, Jose & Karunarathna, Harshinie & Reeve, Dominic E., 2020. "A classification system for global wave energy resources based on multivariate clustering," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    2. Morim, Joao & Cartwright, Nick & Hemer, Mark & Etemad-Shahidi, Amir & Strauss, Darrell, 2019. "Inter- and intra-annual variability of potential power production from wave energy converters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1224-1241.
    3. Lavidas, George, 2020. "Selection index for Wave Energy Deployments (SIWED): A near-deterministic index for wave energy converters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    4. Choupin, O. & Pinheiro Andutta, F. & Etemad-Shahidi, A. & Tomlinson, R., 2021. "A decision-making process for wave energy converter and location pairing," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    5. Tunde Aderinto & Hua Li, 2020. "Effect of Spatial and Temporal Resolution Data on Design and Power Capture of a Heaving Point Absorber," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-17, November.
    6. Chenglong Guo & Wanan Sheng & Dakshina G. De Silva & George Aggidis, 2023. "A Review of the Levelized Cost of Wave Energy Based on a Techno-Economic Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-30, February.
    7. Egidijus Kasiulis & Jens Peter Kofoed & Arvydas Povilaitis & Algirdas Radzevičius, 2017. "Spatial Distribution of the Baltic Sea Near-Shore Wave Power Potential along the Coast of Klaipėda, Lithuania," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-18, December.
    8. Clemente, D. & Rosa-Santos, P. & Taveira-Pinto, F., 2021. "On the potential synergies and applications of wave energy converters: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    9. Tunde Aderinto & Hua Li, 2019. "Review on Power Performance and Efficiency of Wave Energy Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-24, November.
    10. Coe, Ryan G. & Ahn, Seongho & Neary, Vincent S. & Kobos, Peter H. & Bacelli, Giorgio, 2021. "Maybe less is more: Considering capacity factor, saturation, variability, and filtering effects of wave energy devices," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    11. Alireza Shadmani & Mohammad Reza Nikoo & Riyadh I. Al-Raoush & Nasrin Alamdari & Amir H. Gandomi, 2022. "The Optimal Configuration of Wave Energy Conversions Respective to the Nearshore Wave Energy Potential," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-29, October.
    12. Dongsheng Cong & Jianzhong Shang & Zirong Luo & Chongfei Sun & Wei Wu, 2018. "Energy Efficiency Analysis of Multi-Type Floating Bodies for a Novel Heaving Point Absorber with Application to Low-Power Unmanned Ocean Device," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-20, November.
    13. Kilcher, Levi & García Medina, Gabriel & Yang, Zhaoqing, 2023. "A scalable wave resource assessment methodology: Application to U.S. waters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    14. Guillou, Nicolas & Chapalain, Georges, 2018. "Annual and seasonal variabilities in the performances of wave energy converters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 812-823.
    15. Nicolas Guillou & George Lavidas & Bahareh Kamranzad, 2023. "Wave Energy in Brittany (France)—Resource Assessment and WEC Performances," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-27, January.
    16. Shi, Xueli & Liang, Bingchen & Li, Shaowu & Zhao, Jianchun & Wang, Junhui & Wang, Zhenlu, 2024. "Wave energy resource classification system for the China East Adjacent Seas based on multivariate clustering," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    17. George Lavidas & Francesco De Leo & Giovanni Besio, 2020. "Blue Growth Development in the Mediterranean Sea: Quantifying the Benefits of an Integrated Wave Energy Converter at Genoa Harbour," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-14, August.
    18. Lavidas, George, 2019. "Energy and socio-economic benefits from the development of wave energy in Greece," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 1290-1300.
    19. Satymov, Rasul & Bogdanov, Dmitrii & Dadashi, Mojtaba & Lavidas, George & Breyer, Christian, 2024. "Techno-economic assessment of global and regional wave energy resource potentials and profiles in hourly resolution," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 364(C).
    20. Lavidas, George & Venugopal, Vengatesan, 2017. "A 35 year high-resolution wave atlas for nearshore energy production and economics at the Aegean Sea," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 401-417.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2019:i:1:p:115-:d:301802. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.