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The Effect of High Occupancy Density on IAQ, Moisture Conditions and Energy Use in Apartments

Author

Listed:
  • Kristina Mjörnell

    (RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 412 58 Gothenburg, Sweden
    Division of Building Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden)

  • Dennis Johansson

    (Division of Building Services, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden)

  • Hans Bagge

    (Division of Building Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden)

Abstract

Apartments built in Sweden during the record years 1961–1975 with the aim to remedy the housing shortage and abolish poor standards, were designed for a normal-sized family of 2–4 persons. The mechanical ventilation system, if existing, was primarily designed to ensure an air exchange in the apartment according to Swedish building regulations. During the last few years, the number of overcrowded apartments has increased due to housing shortage in general but also due to migration. Another aspect is that the ventilation in many apartments built during the record years is already insufficient at normal occupant load. The question is how doubling or tripling the number of occupants and thus, the moisture load will affect the risk of bad air quality and moisture damage. To find out, simulations were made to estimate whether it is possible to obtain sufficient air quality and low risk of moisture damage by only increasing the ventilation rates in existing systems or introducing new ventilation systems with and without heat recovery and what the consequence would be in terms of the additional energy demand. Measurements from earlier studies of CO 2 and moisture supply in Swedish apartment buildings were used as input data.

Suggested Citation

  • Kristina Mjörnell & Dennis Johansson & Hans Bagge, 2019. "The Effect of High Occupancy Density on IAQ, Moisture Conditions and Energy Use in Apartments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-11, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:23:p:4454-:d:289903
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Krieger, J. & Higgins, D.L., 2002. "Housing and health: Time again for public health action," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 92(5), pages 758-768.
    2. Fransson, Victor & Bagge, Hans & Johansson, Dennis, 2019. "Impact of variations in residential use of household electricity on the energy and power demand for space heating – Variations from measurements in 1000 apartments," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Qadeer Ali & Muhammad Jamaluddin Thaheem & Fahim Ullah & Samad M. E. Sepasgozar, 2020. "The Performance Gap in Energy-Efficient Office Buildings: How the Occupants Can Help?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-27, March.
    2. Przemysław Markiewicz-Zahorski & Joanna Rucińska & Małgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak & Michał Zielina, 2021. "Building Energy Performance Analysis after Changing Its Form of Use from an Office to a Residential Building," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-24, January.
    3. Johnny C. Lorentzen & Gunnar Johanson & Folke Björk & Sofia Stensson, 2022. "Overcrowding and Hazardous Dwelling Condition Characteristics: A Systematic Search and Scoping Review of Relevance for Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-21, November.
    4. Akram Abdul Hamid & Jenny von Platten & Kristina Mjörnell & Dennis Johansson & Hans Bagge, 2021. "Determining the Impact of High Residential Density on Indoor Environment, Energy Use, and Moisture Loads in Swedish Apartments-and Measures for Mitigation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-27, May.

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