IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v12y2019i20p3883-d276316.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Feasibility Analysis and Performance Evaluation and Optimization of a DXSAHP Water Heater Based on the Thermal Capacity of the System: A Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Jorge E. De León-Ruiz

    (Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ESIME-UPALM, CDMX 07738, Mexico)

  • Ignacio Carvajal-Mariscal

    (Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ESIME-UPALM, CDMX 07738, Mexico)

  • Antonin Ponsich

    (Departamento de Sistemas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Azcapotzalco, CDMX 02200, Mexico)

Abstract

The present work conducts an evaluation of the feasibility and the overall performance and consequent optimization of a direct expansion solar assisted heat pump (DXSAHP) employed for domestic water heating. For the study conducted R134a, R404A, R407C and R410A working fluids were evaluated as well as the use of four, six and eight flat-plate solar collectors and a worktime ranging from 1 to 6 h. The case study is based in Mexico City with a 300 L container and a hot water outlet temperature of 51 °C. The paper introduces a new evaluation criterion based on the thermal capacity and all the evaluations conducted throughout this research revolve around this performance metric. The results show that, the system would require at least 4 h of operation to achieve the outlet temperature. Additionally, it was found that the R410A refrigerant has the best heat transfer properties; with an average condensation heat rate of 6.31 kW, followed by the R407C with 5.72 kW, the R404A with 5.42 kW and the R134a with 5.18 kW. Diversely, the R134a refrigerant requires 0.402 kW of compression work, 62% less than the R410A, which requires 1.06 kW. Consequently, R134a delivers the highest COP, which ranges from 7 to 14, followed by the R407C and R404A refrigerants, which present a similar behaviour between them, with COP ranging from 5 to 9 and 4 to 8, respectively, and finally the R410A, achieving the lowest COP, ranging from 3.5 to 6.5. Moreover, it was found that the R134a presents a higher dispersion regarding the energy exchange rate, which reveals that it is the fluid most susceptible to external factors, such as the weather. Contrarily, the remaining refrigerants present a more consistent performance. Finally, the optimization revealed that the R407C refrigerant is the most suitable given that it requires 20% less compression work than the R404A. This provides the heat pump system with a steadier behaviour, a COP ranging from 7 to 8, 30% higher than R410A, a worktime decrease of 1.5 h and heat transfer area of 5.5 flat-plate solar collectors, equivalent to a 31% reduction, both compared to R134a.

Suggested Citation

  • Jorge E. De León-Ruiz & Ignacio Carvajal-Mariscal & Antonin Ponsich, 2019. "Feasibility Analysis and Performance Evaluation and Optimization of a DXSAHP Water Heater Based on the Thermal Capacity of the System: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-38, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:20:p:3883-:d:276316
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/20/3883/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/20/3883/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Calise, Francesco & Dentice d'Accadia, Massimo & Figaj, Rafal Damian & Vanoli, Laura, 2016. "A novel solar-assisted heat pump driven by photovoltaic/thermal collectors: Dynamic simulation and thermoeconomic optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 346-366.
    2. Sánta, Róbert & Garbai, László & Fürstner, Igor, 2015. "Optimization of heat pump system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 45-54.
    3. Omojaro, Peter & Breitkopf, Cornelia, 2013. "Direct expansion solar assisted heat pumps: A review of applications and recent research," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 33-45.
    4. Guo, J.J. & Wu, J.Y. & Wang, R.Z. & Li, S., 2011. "Experimental research and operation optimization of an air-source heat pump water heater," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(11), pages 4128-4138.
    5. Jorge E. De León-Ruiz & Ignacio Carvajal-Mariscal, 2018. "Mathematical Thermal Modelling of a Direct-Expansion Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Using Multi-Objective Optimization Based on the Energy Demand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-27, July.
    6. Mohanraj, M. & Belyayev, Ye. & Jayaraj, S. & Kaltayev, A., 2018. "Research and developments on solar assisted compression heat pump systems – A comprehensive review (Part-B: Applications)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 124-155.
    7. Khorasaninejad, Ehsan & Hajabdollahi, Hassan, 2014. "Thermo-economic and environmental optimization of solar assisted heat pump by using multi-objective particle swam algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 680-690.
    8. Mohanraj, M. & Belyayev, Ye. & Jayaraj, S. & Kaltayev, A., 2018. "Research and developments on solar assisted compression heat pump systems – A comprehensive review (Part A: Modeling and modifications)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 90-123.
    9. Alimohammadisagvand, Behrang & Jokisalo, Juha & Kilpeläinen, Simo & Ali, Mubbashir & Sirén, Kai, 2016. "Cost-optimal thermal energy storage system for a residential building with heat pump heating and demand response control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 275-287.
    10. Kalogirou, Soteris A., 2000. "Applications of artificial neural-networks for energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(1-2), pages 17-35, September.
    11. Li, Y.W. & Wang, R.Z. & Wu, J.Y. & Xu, Y.X., 2007. "Experimental performance analysis and optimization of a direct expansion solar-assisted heat pump water heater," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(8), pages 1361-1374.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jorge E. De León-Ruiz & Ignacio Carvajal-Mariscal, 2018. "Mathematical Thermal Modelling of a Direct-Expansion Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Using Multi-Objective Optimization Based on the Energy Demand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-27, July.
    2. Badiei, A. & Golizadeh Akhlaghi, Y. & Zhao, X. & Shittu, S. & Xiao, X. & Li, J. & Fan, Y. & Li, G., 2020. "A chronological review of advances in solar assisted heat pump technology in 21st century," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    3. Herrando, M. & Coca-Ortegón, A. & Guedea, I. & Fueyo, N., 2023. "Experimental validation of a solar system based on hybrid photovoltaic-thermal collectors and a reversible heat pump for the energy provision in non-residential buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    4. Jia, Teng & Dai, Yanjun, 2018. "Development of a novel unbalanced ammonia-water absorption-resorption heat pump cycle for space heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 251-265.
    5. Mohanraj, M. & Belyayev, Ye. & Jayaraj, S. & Kaltayev, A., 2018. "Research and developments on solar assisted compression heat pump systems – A comprehensive review (Part A: Modeling and modifications)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 90-123.
    6. Cai, Jingyong & Li, Zhouhang & Ji, Jie & Zhou, Fan, 2019. "Performance analysis of a novel air source hybrid solar assisted heat pump," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 1133-1145.
    7. Nick S. Bennett & Brian Lim, 2023. "Assessing the Potential of Heat Pumps to Reduce the Radiator Size on Small Satellites," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-11, May.
    8. Ruoping, Yan & Xiaohui, Yu & Fuwei, Lu & Huajun, Wang, 2020. "Study of operation performance for a solar photovoltaic system assisted cooling by ground heat exchangers in arid climate, China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 102-110.
    9. Schlosser, F. & Jesper, M. & Vogelsang, J. & Walmsley, T.G. & Arpagaus, C. & Hesselbach, J., 2020. "Large-scale heat pumps: Applications, performance, economic feasibility and industrial integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    10. Ji, Qiang & Han, Zongwei & Li, Xiuming & Yang, Lingyan, 2022. "Energy and economic evaluation of the air source hybrid heating system driven by off-peak electric thermal storage in cold regions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 69-85.
    11. Mohamed, Elamin & Riffat, Saffa & Omer, Siddig & Zeinelabdein, Rami, 2019. "A comprehensive investigation of using mutual air and water heating in multi-functional DX-SAMHP for moderate cold climate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 582-600.
    12. Lu, Shixiang & Zhang, Jili & Liang, Ruobing & Zhou, Chao, 2020. "Refrigeration characteristics of a hybrid heat dissipation photovoltaic-thermal heat pump under various ambient conditions on summer night," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2524-2534.
    13. Joshua M. Pearce & Nelson Sommerfeldt, 2021. "Economics of Grid-Tied Solar Photovoltaic Systems Coupled to Heat Pumps: The Case of Northern Climates of the U.S. and Canada," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-17, February.
    14. Jia, Teng & Dou, Pengbo & Chu, Peng & Dai, Yanjun, 2020. "Proposal and performance analysis of a novel solar-assisted resorption-subcooled compression hybrid heat pump system for space heating in cold climate condition," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 1136-1150.
    15. Jia, Teng & Dai, Enqian & Dai, Yanjun, 2019. "Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of a balanced-type single-stage NH3-H2O absorption-resorption heat pump cycle for residential heating application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 120-134.
    16. Nahavandinezhad, Mohammad & Zahedi, Alireza, 2022. "Conceptual design of solar/geothermal hybrid system focusing on technical, economic and environmental parameters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1110-1125.
    17. Tzinnis, Efstratios & Baldini, Luca, 2021. "Combining sorption storage and electric heat pumps to foster integration of solar in buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    18. Wang, Zhangyuan & Guo, Peng & Zhang, Haijing & Yang, Wansheng & Mei, Sheng, 2017. "Comprehensive review on the development of SAHP for domestic hot water," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 871-881.
    19. Menegon, Diego & Persson, Tomas & Haberl, Robert & Bales, Chris & Haller, Michel, 2020. "Direct characterisation of the annual performance of solar thermal and heat pump systems using a six-day whole system test," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1337-1353.
    20. Poppi, Stefano & Sommerfeldt, Nelson & Bales, Chris & Madani, Hatef & Lundqvist, Per, 2018. "Techno-economic review of solar heat pump systems for residential heating applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 22-32.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:20:p:3883-:d:276316. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.