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Mg 6 MnO 8 as a Magnesium-Ion Battery Material: Defects, Dopants and Mg-Ion Transport

Author

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  • Navaratnarajah Kuganathan

    (Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
    Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK)

  • Evangelos I. Gkanas

    (Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK)

  • Alexander Chroneos

    (Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
    Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK)

Abstract

Rechargeable magnesium ion batteries have recently received considerable attention as an alternative to Li- or Na-ion batteries. Understanding defects and ion transport is a key step in designing high performance electrode materials for Mg-ion batteries. Here we present a classical potential-based atomistic simulation study of defects, dopants and Mg-ion transport in Mg 6 MnO 8 . The formation of the Mg–Mn anti-site defect cluster is calculated to be the lowest energy process (1.73 eV/defect). The Mg Frenkel is calculated to be the second most favourable intrinsic defect and its formation energy is 2.84 eV/defect. A three-dimensional long-range Mg-ion migration path with overall activation energy of 0.82 eV is observed, suggesting that the diffusion of Mg-ions in this material is moderate. Substitutional doping of Ga on the Mn site can increase the capacity of this material in the form of Mg interstitials. The most energetically favourable isovalent dopant for Mg is found to be Fe. Interestingly, Si and Ge exhibit exoergic solution enthalpy for doping on the Mn site, requiring experimental verification.

Suggested Citation

  • Navaratnarajah Kuganathan & Evangelos I. Gkanas & Alexander Chroneos, 2019. "Mg 6 MnO 8 as a Magnesium-Ion Battery Material: Defects, Dopants and Mg-Ion Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-9, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:17:p:3213-:d:259533
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. D. Aurbach & Z. Lu & A. Schechter & Y. Gofer & H. Gizbar & R. Turgeman & Y. Cohen & M. Moshkovich & E. Levi, 2000. "Prototype systems for rechargeable magnesium batteries," Nature, Nature, vol. 407(6805), pages 724-727, October.
    2. Ruwani Kaushalya & Poobalasuntharam Iyngaran & Navaratnarajah Kuganathan & Alexander Chroneos, 2019. "Defect, Diffusion and Dopant Properties of NaNiO 2 : Atomistic Simulation Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-10, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Navaratnarajah Kuganathan & Alexander Chroneos, 2020. "Defects and Dopants in CaFeSi 2 O 6 : Classical and DFT Simulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-16, March.

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