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Defects and Dopants in CaFeSi 2 O 6 : Classical and DFT Simulations

Author

Listed:
  • Navaratnarajah Kuganathan

    (Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
    Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK)

  • Alexander Chroneos

    (Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK)

Abstract

Calcium (Ca)-bearing minerals are of interest for the design of electrode materials required for rechargeable Ca-ion batteries. Here we use classical simulations to examine defect, dopant and transport properties of CaFeSi 2 O 6 . The formation of Ca-iron (Fe) anti-site defects is found to be the lowest energy process (0.42 eV/defect). The Oxygen and Calcium Frenkel energies are 2.87 eV/defect and 4.96 eV/defect respectively suggesting that these defects are not significant especially the Ca Frenkel. Reaction energy for the loss of CaO via CaO Schottky is 2.97 eV/defect suggesting that this process requires moderate temperature. Calculated activation energy of Ca-ion migration in this material is high (>4 eV), inferring very slow ionic conductivity. However, we suggest a strategy to introduce additional Ca 2+ ions in the lattice by doping trivalent dopants on the Si site in order to enhance the capacity and ion diffusion and it is calculated that Al 3+ is the favourable dopant for this process. Formation of Ca vacancies required for the CaO Schottky can be facilitated by doping of gallium (Ga) on the Fe site. The electronic structures of favourable dopants were calculated using density functional theory (DFT).

Suggested Citation

  • Navaratnarajah Kuganathan & Alexander Chroneos, 2020. "Defects and Dopants in CaFeSi 2 O 6 : Classical and DFT Simulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:5:p:1285-:d:330861
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Navaratnarajah Kuganathan & Evangelos I. Gkanas & Alexander Chroneos, 2019. "Mg 6 MnO 8 as a Magnesium-Ion Battery Material: Defects, Dopants and Mg-Ion Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-9, August.
    2. Ruwani Kaushalya & Poobalasuntharam Iyngaran & Navaratnarajah Kuganathan & Alexander Chroneos, 2019. "Defect, Diffusion and Dopant Properties of NaNiO 2 : Atomistic Simulation Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-10, August.
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    1. Navaratnarajah Kuganathan & Evangelos I. Gkanas & Alexander Chroneos, 2019. "Mg 6 MnO 8 as a Magnesium-Ion Battery Material: Defects, Dopants and Mg-Ion Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-9, August.
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