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Optimization of Bio-Hydrogenated Kerosene from Refined Palm Oil by Catalytic Hydrocracking

Author

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  • Praepilas Dujjanutat

    (Graduate School of Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand)

  • Arthit Neramittagapong

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
    Center of Alternative Energy Research and Development (AERD), Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand)

  • Pakawadee Kaewkannetra

    (Center of Alternative Energy Research and Development (AERD), Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand)

Abstract

In this work, hydro-processing was used as an alternative route for producing bio-hydrogenated kerosene (BHK) from refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RPO) in the presence of a 0.5 wt% Pd/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. The Box-Behnken Design was used to determine the effects of reaction temperature, H 2 pressure, and reaction time in terms of liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) on BHK production. The kerosene selectivity was used as the response for staticial interpretation. The results show that both temperature and LHSV produced significant effects, whereas H 2 pressure did not. The optimal conditions were found to be 483 °C, 5.0 MPa, and 1.4 h −1 LHSV; these conditions provided approximately 57.30% kerosene selectivity and a 47.46% yield. The BHK product had a good heating value and flash point. However, the mass percentage of carbon and hydrogen was 99.1%, which is just below the minimum standard (99.5%), according to the carbon loss by the reaction pathway to form as CO and CO 2 . Water can be produced from the reaction induced by oxygen removal, which results in a high freezing point.

Suggested Citation

  • Praepilas Dujjanutat & Arthit Neramittagapong & Pakawadee Kaewkannetra, 2019. "Optimization of Bio-Hydrogenated Kerosene from Refined Palm Oil by Catalytic Hydrocracking," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:16:p:3196-:d:259325
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Mat Yasin, Mohd Hafizil & Mamat, Rizalman & Najafi, G. & Ali, Obed Majeed & Yusop, Ahmad Fitri & Ali, Mohd Hafiz, 2017. "Potentials of palm oil as new feedstock oil for a global alternative fuel: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1034-1049.
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    Cited by:

    1. Praepilas Dujjanutat & Nithinun Srihanun & Papasanee Muanruksa & James Winterburn & Pakawadee Kaewkannetra, 2023. "Transesterification and Hydrotreating Reactions of Rice Bran Oil for Bio-Hydrogenated Diesel Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Alejandro López-Fernández & David Bolonio & Isabel Amez & Blanca Castells & Marcelo F. Ortega & María-Jesús García-Martínez, 2021. "Design and Pinch Analysis of a GFT Process for Production of Biojet Fuel from Biomass and Plastics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-31, September.

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