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Decomposing Air Pollutant Emissions in Asia: Determinants and Projections

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  • Peter Rafaj

    (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Program, Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria)

  • Markus Amann

    (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Program, Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria)

Abstract

High levels of air pollution pose an urgent social and public health challenge in many Asian regions. This study evaluates the role of key factors that determined the changes in emission levels in China, India and Japan over the past 25 years. While emissions of air pollutants have been declining in Japan since the 1990s, China and India have experienced a rapid growth in pollution levels in recent years. Around 2005, control measures for sulfur emissions started to deliver expected reductions in China, followed by cuts in nitrogen oxides ten years later. Despite recent policy interventions, growing emission trends in India persist. A decomposition analysis of emission-driving factors indicates that emission levels would have been at least two-times higher without the improvements in energy intensity and efficiency, combined with end-of-pipe measures. Due to the continuous reliance on fossil fuels, the abatement effect of a cleaner fuel mix was in most cases significantly smaller than other factors. A reassessment of emission projections developed in the past suggests a decisive impact of energy and environmental policies. It is expected that targeted legislative instruments will play a dominant role in achieving future air-quality goals in Asia.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Rafaj & Markus Amann, 2018. "Decomposing Air Pollutant Emissions in Asia: Determinants and Projections," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-14, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:5:p:1299-:d:147971
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    2. Shichun Xu & Yongmei Miao & Yiwen Li & Yifeng Zhou & Xiaoxue Ma & Zhengxia He & Bin Zhao & Shuxiao Wang, 2019. "What Factors Drive Air Pollutants in China? An Analysis from the Perspective of Regional Difference Using a Combined Method of Production Decomposition Analysis and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-19, August.
    3. Jun Yang & Yongmei Miao & Yunfan Li & Yiwen Li & Xiaoxue Ma & Shichun Xu & Shuxiao Wang, 2019. "Decomposition Analysis of Factors that Drive the Changes of Major Air Pollutant Emissions in China at a Multi-Regional Level," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-22, December.
    4. Zhang Yu & Syed Abdul Rehman Khan & Hafiz Muhammad Zia-ul-haq & Muhammad Tanveer & Muhammad Jawad Sajid & Shehzad Ahmed, 2022. "A Bibliometric Analysis of End-of-Life Vehicles Related Research: Exploring a Path to Environmental Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-21, July.
    5. Vuk Petronijević & Aleksandar Đorđević & Miladin Stefanović & Slavko Arsovski & Zdravko Krivokapić & Milan Mišić, 2020. "Energy Recovery through End-of-Life Vehicles Recycling in Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-26, October.

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