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A Simplified Model for Estimating Household Air Pollution in Challenging Contexts: A Case Study from Ghana

Author

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  • Giovanni Vinti

    (Research Centre for Appropriate Technologies for Environmental Management in Resource-Limited Countries (CeTAmb), University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

  • Mentore Vaccari

    (Research Centre for Appropriate Technologies for Environmental Management in Resource-Limited Countries (CeTAmb), University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

Abstract

Almost three billion people rely primarily on inefficient and polluting cooking systems worldwide. Household air pollution is a direct consequence of this practice, and it is annually associated with millions of premature deaths and diseases, mainly in low- and lower-middle-income countries. The use of improved cookstoves often represents an appropriate solution to reduce such health risks. However, in the distribution of such units, it can be necessary to prioritize the beneficiaries. Thus, in this study, we conducted field research involving five rural villages in the Northern part of Ghana, where using three-stone fires or rural stoves was common. Concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured indoors and outdoors. Considering each field mission lasted less than 24 h, assumptions were made so as to calculate the average pollutant concentrations in 24 h through a new, simplified equation that combined efficiency and cost-savings by shortening field assessments. The obtained values were compared with international guidelines. The results showed that PM 2.5 and PM 10 limits were overstepped in two villages, which should thus be prioritized. However, further research will be necessary to strengthen and validate our proposed equation, which must be seen as a starting point.

Suggested Citation

  • Giovanni Vinti & Mentore Vaccari, 2022. "A Simplified Model for Estimating Household Air Pollution in Challenging Contexts: A Case Study from Ghana," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-11, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:4:y:2022:i:3:p:43-713:d:870742
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gavin Shaddick & Matthew L. Thomas & Amelia Green & Michael Brauer & Aaron van Donkelaar & Rick Burnett & Howard H. Chang & Aaron Cohen & Rita Van Dingenen & Carlos Dora & Sophie Gumy & Yang Liu & Ran, 2018. "Data integration model for air quality: a hierarchical approach to the global estimation of exposures to ambient air pollution," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 67(1), pages 231-253, January.
    2. Laura M. Grajeda & Lisa M. Thompson & William Arriaga & Eduardo Canuz & Saad B. Omer & Michael Sage & Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner & Joe P. Bryan & John P. McCracken, 2020. "Effectiveness of Gas and Chimney Biomass Stoves for Reducing Household Air Pollution Pregnancy Exposure in Guatemala: Sociodemographic Effect Modifiers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, October.
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