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Effectiveness of Gas and Chimney Biomass Stoves for Reducing Household Air Pollution Pregnancy Exposure in Guatemala: Sociodemographic Effect Modifiers

Author

Listed:
  • Laura M. Grajeda

    (Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala)

  • Lisa M. Thompson

    (Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA)

  • William Arriaga

    (Regional Hospital, Ministry of Public Health Social Assistance of Guatemala, Quetzaltenango 09001, Guatemala)

  • Eduardo Canuz

    (Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala)

  • Saad B. Omer

    (Yale Institute for Global Health, Schools of Public Health & Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA)

  • Michael Sage

    (Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA)

  • Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner

    (Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA)

  • Joe P. Bryan

    (Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central American Regional Office, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala)

  • John P. McCracken

    (Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala)

Abstract

Household air pollution (HAP) due to solid fuel use during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes. The real-life effectiveness of clean cooking interventions has been disappointing overall yet variable, but the sociodemographic determinants are not well described. We measured personal 24-h PM 2.5 (particulate matter <2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter) thrice in pregnant women ( n = 218) gravimetrically with Teflon filter, impactor, and personal pump setups. To estimate the effectiveness of owning chimney and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves (i.e., proportion of PM 2.5 exposure that would be prevented) and to predict subject-specific typical exposures, we used linear mixed-effects models with log (PM 2.5 ) as dependent variable and random intercept for subject. Median (IQR) personal PM 2.5 in µg/m 3 was 148 (90–249) for open fire, 78 (51–125) for chimney stove, and 55 (34–79) for LPG stoves. Adjusted effectiveness of LPG stoves was greater in women with ≥6 years of education (49% (95% CI: 34, 60)) versus <6 years (26% (95% CI: 5, 42)). In contrast, chimney stove adjusted effectiveness was greater in women with <6 years of education (50% (95% CI: 38, 60)), rural residence (46% (95% CI: 34, 55)) and lowest SES (socio-economic status) quartile (59% (95% CI: 45, 70)) than ≥6 years education (16% (95% CI: 22, 43)), urban (23% (95% CI: −164, 42)) and highest SES quartile (−44% (95% CI: −183, 27)), respectively. A minority of LPG stove owners (12%) and no chimney owner had typical exposure below World Health Organization Air Quality guidelines (35 μg/m 3 ). Although having a cleaner stove alone typically does not lower exposure enough to protect health, understanding sociodemographic determinants of effectiveness may lead to better targeting, implementation, and adoption of interventions.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura M. Grajeda & Lisa M. Thompson & William Arriaga & Eduardo Canuz & Saad B. Omer & Michael Sage & Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner & Joe P. Bryan & John P. McCracken, 2020. "Effectiveness of Gas and Chimney Biomass Stoves for Reducing Household Air Pollution Pregnancy Exposure in Guatemala: Sociodemographic Effect Modifiers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:21:p:7723-:d:433195
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jacqueline Hollada & Kendra N. Williams & Catherine H. Miele & David Danz & Steven A. Harvey & William Checkley, 2017. "Perceptions of Improved Biomass and Liquefied Petroleum Gas Stoves in Puno, Peru: Implications for Promoting Sustained and Exclusive Adoption of Clean Cooking Technologies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-14, February.
    2. Liu, Xu-Qing & Rong, Jian-Ying & Liu, Xiu-Ying, 2008. "Best linear unbiased prediction for linear combinations in general mixed linear models," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 99(8), pages 1503-1517, September.
    3. Heltberg, Rasmus, 2005. "Factors determining household fuel choice in Guatemala," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 10(3), pages 337-361, June.
    4. Daniel Lawrence Wilson & Kendra N. Williams & Ajay Pillarisetti, 2020. "An Integrated Sensor Data Logging, Survey, and Analytics Platform for Field Research and Its Application in HAPIN, a Multi-Center Household Energy Intervention Trial," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-15, February.
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    1. Giovanni Vinti & Mentore Vaccari, 2022. "A Simplified Model for Estimating Household Air Pollution in Challenging Contexts: A Case Study from Ghana," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-11, July.
    2. Jonathan Thornburg & Sajia Islam & Sk Masum Billah & Brianna Chan & Michelle McCombs & Maggie Abbott & Ashraful Alam & Camille Raynes-Greenow, 2022. "Pregnant Women’s Exposure to Household Air Pollution in Rural Bangladesh: A Feasibility Study for Poriborton: The CHANge Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-13, January.

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