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Seasonal Changes of Soil Quality Indicators in Selected Arid Cropping Systems

Author

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  • Mohammed Omer

    (Plant and Environmental Sciences Department, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30003 MSC 3Q, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA)

  • Omololu J. Idowu

    (Extension Plant Sciences Department, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30003 MSC 3AE, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA)

  • April L. Ulery

    (Plant and Environmental Sciences Department, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30003 MSC 3Q, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA)

  • Dawn VanLeeuwen

    (Economics, Applied Statistics & International Business Department, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001 MSC 3CQ, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA)

  • Steven J. Guldan

    (Plant and Environmental Sciences Department, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30003 MSC 3Q, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA)

Abstract

Improving the soil quality in arid agro-ecosystems requires a greater understanding of how the time-of-sampling and management affect the soil measurements. We evaluated the selected soil quality indicators on samples collected at a 0–0.15 m depth, and at various sampling dates of the year, corresponding to the fall of 2015, winter of 2015/2016, spring of 2016, and the summer of 2016. The three crop management systems sampled included alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ), upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ), and pecan ( Carya illinoinensis ). The soil properties measured included the wet aggregate stability (WAS), mean weight diameter of dry aggregates (MWD), dry aggregates greater than 2 mm (AGG >2 mm), dry aggregates less than 0.25 mm (AGG <0.25 mm), available water capacity (AWC), soil organic matter (SOM), permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), soil bulk density (BD), soil electrical conductivity (EC), pH, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), extractable potassium (K), extractable phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and micronutrients (zinc, iron, copper, and manganese). Out of the 21 soil measurements, 15 varied significantly with the time-of-sampling within a year, although there were no consistent trends in variability. However, only a few measurements differed significantly with the crop management practices tested. Wet aggregate stability, MWD, AWC, and BD were significantly higher in the summer, while POXC and SOM were significantly higher in the fall and winter, respectively. Soil quality indicators such as NO3-N, K, and P decreased significantly during the spring. This study shows that the seasonal variability of the soil measurements can be significant in the arid agro-ecosystems, with the magnitude of variation depending on the measurement type. The soil managers in the region need to account for this variability, in order to be able to assess the changes in the soil quality. Also, because of the variability that can occur across the different sampling dates within a year, it is advisable to sample during the same period every year, for a consistent interpretation of the directional changes of the soil quality indicators.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammed Omer & Omololu J. Idowu & April L. Ulery & Dawn VanLeeuwen & Steven J. Guldan, 2018. "Seasonal Changes of Soil Quality Indicators in Selected Arid Cropping Systems," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-12, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:8:y:2018:i:8:p:124-:d:162744
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rajak, Daleshwar & Manjunatha, M.V. & Rajkumar, G.R. & Hebbara, M. & Minhas, P.S., 2006. "Comparative effects of drip and furrow irrigation on the yield and water productivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in a saline and waterlogged vertisol," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 83(1-2), pages 30-36, May.
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    1. Xiao Qiu & Jia Hou & Na Guo & Zhanyi Wang & Chengjie Wang, 2022. "Seasonal Variations and Influencing Factors of Gross Nitrification Rate in Desert Steppe Soil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-10, April.

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