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Effect of Foliar Application of Calcium and Salicylic Acid on Fruit Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) in Hydroponic Cultivation

Author

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  • Anna Sobczak-Samburska

    (Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Ewelina Pióro-Jabrucka

    (Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Jarosław L. Przybył

    (Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Leszek Sieczko

    (Department of Biometry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Stanisław Kalisz

    (Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 166 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Janina Gajc-Wolska

    (Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Kowalczyk

    (Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar application of calcium and salicylic acid on improving the physicochemical quality, sensory quality and antioxidant potential of pepper fruits grown hydroponically in mineral wool substrate. Two sweet pepper varieties with red fruit type were used: block Aifos and elongated Palermo. Fruit quality was tested from four plant treatment combinations: (1) water (control), (2) calcium nitrate 0.7% (Ca), (3) salicylic acid 0.03% (SA), (4) calcium nitrate and salicylic acid combined (Ca+SA). Fruits of both varieties showed high concentrations of health-promoting constituents, including potassium, phosphorus, vitamin C (over 47 mg 100 g −1 of FW (fresh weight)), and carotenoids, with capsanthin being the most abundant (more than 1226 μg 100 g −1 of FW). The results of the sensory evaluation demonstrated that the attributes tested scores above 7 out of 10, indicating a high sensory quality. The antioxidant activity of pepper fruits was determined by three different methods: DPPH (method for measuring the antioxidant activity of DPPH), ABTS (method for measuring the antioxidant activity of ABTS) and TPC (total polyphenol content) and averaged more than 86%, 78% RSC (radical scavenging capacity) and almost 54 mg CE (catechin) 100 g −1 of FW for both cultivars, respectively. Fruit quality results were analysed using PCA (principal component analysis). The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained almost 54% of the variation, highlighting the strong correlations of PC1 with dry matter content, soluble sugars, potassium, acidity and sensory characteristics of pepper fruit such as skin hardness and flesh firmness. The application of SA to peppers resulted in an increase in the carotenoid content of the fruit. Furthermore, a notable positive correlation was detected between total sugars and the sugar/acid ratio when Ca+SA was combined in both cultivars. Palermo fruit showed better quality parameters and higher antioxidant activity, making this sweet pepper variety particularly valuable in a health-promoting context.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Sobczak-Samburska & Ewelina Pióro-Jabrucka & Jarosław L. Przybył & Leszek Sieczko & Stanisław Kalisz & Janina Gajc-Wolska & Katarzyna Kowalczyk, 2024. "Effect of Foliar Application of Calcium and Salicylic Acid on Fruit Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) in Hydroponic Cultivation," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-25, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2024:i:1:p:26-:d:1553278
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xiao, Yang & Ma, Changjian & Li, Mengyao & Zhangzhong, Lili & Song, Peng & Li, Yunkai, 2023. "Interaction and adaptation of phosphorus fertilizer and calcium ion in drip irrigation systems: the perspective of emitter clogging," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    2. Agnieszka Żurawik & Dorota Jadczak & Nikolay Panayotov & Piotr Żurawik, 2021. "Antioxidant properties of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) depending on its cultivar and fruit colouration," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 67(11), pages 653-659.
    3. Bożena Matysiak & Stanisław Kaniszewski & Monika Mieszczakowska-Frąc, 2023. "Growth and Quality of Leaf and Romaine Lettuce Grown on a Vertical Farm in an Aquaponics System: Results of Farm Research," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-13, April.
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