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Impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Mechanical Pruning Strategies on the Productivity, Alternate Bearing, and Vegetative Growth of Olive Hedgerows

Author

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  • Franco E. Calvo

    (Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-Provincia de La Rioja—CONICET), Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, Anillaco 5301, La Rioja, Argentina
    Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible en el Oasis, Universidad Nacional de Chilecito, Chilecito 5360, La Rioja, Argentina)

  • María A. Calahorra

    (Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible en el Oasis, Universidad Nacional de Chilecito, Chilecito 5360, La Rioja, Argentina
    Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Chilecito, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Chilecito 5360, La Rioja, Argentina)

  • Eduardo R. Trentacoste

    (Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, San Carlos 5567, Mendoza, Argentina)

Abstract

Mechanical pruning in narrow olive hedgerows is essential for managing alternate bearing and facilitating mechanical harvesting by influencing the number of fruit load points. In olive cv. Arbequina hedgerows (2000 trees ha −1 ), two pruning times (winter and spring) and two pruning types (unilateral and bilateral) were applied under contrasting bearing conditions (ON and OFF seasons) over four consecutive seasons in La Rioja, Argentina. A strong El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event during the final season had a profound impact, increasing winter temperatures by 2 °C and reducing the average chill accumulation by 23%, significantly reducing productivity and exacerbating alternate bearing. The results demonstrated that pruning timing alone was ineffective in controlling alternate bearing, while bilateral pruning during ON seasons showed promise in regularizing fruit and oil yields and enhancing water use efficiency. However, the severe effects of the ENSO, which disrupted the winter dormancy break of fruiting buds, could not be mitigated by the evaluated pruning strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Franco E. Calvo & María A. Calahorra & Eduardo R. Trentacoste, 2024. "Impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Mechanical Pruning Strategies on the Productivity, Alternate Bearing, and Vegetative Growth of Olive Hedgerows," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:12:p:2335-:d:1548039
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Padilla-Díaz, C.M. & Rodriguez-Dominguez, C.M. & Hernandez-Santana, V. & Perez-Martin, A. & Fernández, J.E., 2016. "Scheduling regulated deficit irrigation in a hedgerow olive orchard from leaf turgor pressure related measurements," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 164(P1), pages 28-37.
    2. Juan Manuel Pérez-Rodríguez & Raúl De la Rosa & Lorenzo León & Encarnación Lara & Henar Prieto, 2024. "Productivity and Vigor Dynamics in a Comparative Trial of Hedgerow Olive Cultivars," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-11, August.
    3. Iglesias, Maria Agustina & Rousseaux, M. Cecilia & Agüero Alcaras, L. Martín & Hamze, Leila & Searles, Peter S., 2023. "Influence of deficit irrigation and warming on plant water status during the late winter and spring in young olive trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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