IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jagris/v14y2024i10p1694-d1486979.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Influence and Mechanism of Fertilization and Irrigation of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Salinized Soils

Author

Listed:
  • Dandan Yu

    (College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
    High Efficiency Water-Saving Technology and Equipment and Soil and Water Environment Effect in Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China)

  • Qingfeng Miao

    (College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
    High Efficiency Water-Saving Technology and Equipment and Soil and Water Environment Effect in Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China)

  • Haibin Shi

    (College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
    High Efficiency Water-Saving Technology and Equipment and Soil and Water Environment Effect in Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China)

  • Zhuangzhuang Feng

    (College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
    High Efficiency Water-Saving Technology and Equipment and Soil and Water Environment Effect in Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China)

  • Weiying Feng

    (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Zhen Li

    (College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
    High Efficiency Water-Saving Technology and Equipment and Soil and Water Environment Effect in Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China)

  • José Manuel Gonçalves

    (Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Agriculture School, CERNAS—Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal)

Abstract

The impact of fertilization and irrigation on heavy metal accumulation in saline–alkali soil and its underlying mechanisms are critical issues given the constraints that soil salinization places on agricultural development and crop quality. This study addressed these issues by investigating the effects of adjusting organic fertilizer types, proportions, and irrigation volumes on the physicochemical properties of lightly to moderately saline–alkali soils and analyzing the interaction mechanisms between microorganisms and heavy metals. The results indicate that the rational application of organic fertilizers combined with supplemental irrigation can mitigate soil salinity accumulation and water deficits, and reduce the soil pH, thereby enhancing soil oxidation, promoting nitrogen transformation and increasing nitrate–nitrogen levels. As the proportion of organic fertilizers increased, heavy metal residues, enrichment, and risk indices in the crop grains also increased. Compared to no irrigation, supplemental irrigation of 22 mm during the grain-filling stage increased soil surface Cd content, Zn content, and the potential ecological risk index (HRI) by 10.2%, 3.1%, and 8%, respectively, while simultaneously reducing the heavy metal content in grains by 12–13.5% and decreasing heavy metal enrichment. Principal component analysis revealed the primary factors influencing Cu and Zn residues and Cd accumulation in the crop grains. Soil salinity was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen, whereas soil organic matter, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, soil pH, oxidation–reduction potential, soluble nitrogen, and microbial biomass nitrogen were positively correlated. The accumulation and residues of Zn and Cu in the soil were more closely correlated with the soil properties compared to those of Cd. Specifically, Zn accumulation on the soil surface was primarily related to aliphatic organic functional groups, followed by soil salinity. Residual Zn in the crop grains was primarily associated with soil oxidation–reduction properties, followed by soil moisture content. The accumulation of Cu on the soil surface was mainly correlated with the microbial biomass carbon (MBC), whereas the residual Cu in the crop grains was primarily linked to the soil moisture content. These findings provide theoretical insights for improving saline–alkali soils and managing heavy metal contamination, with implications for sustainable agriculture and environmental protection.

Suggested Citation

  • Dandan Yu & Qingfeng Miao & Haibin Shi & Zhuangzhuang Feng & Weiying Feng & Zhen Li & José Manuel Gonçalves, 2024. "Influence and Mechanism of Fertilization and Irrigation of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Salinized Soils," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:10:p:1694-:d:1486979
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/10/1694/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/10/1694/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Behera, S.K. & Panda, R.K., 2009. "Integrated management of irrigation water and fertilizers for wheat crop using field experiments and simulation modeling," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(11), pages 1532-1540, November.
    2. Cheng, Yu & Luo, Min & Zhang, Tonggang & Yan, Sihui & Wang, Chun & Dong, Qin’ge & Feng, Hao & Zhang, Tibin & Kisekka, Isaya, 2023. "Organic substitution improves soil structure and water and nitrogen status to promote sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growth in an arid saline area," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    3. Qiong Gong & Peizhen Chen & Rongguang Shi & Yi Gao & Shun-An Zheng & Yan Xu & Chaofeng Shao & Xiangqun Zheng, 2019. "Health Assessment of Trace Metal Concentrations in Organic Fertilizer in Northern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-22, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Andarzian, B. & Bannayan, M. & Steduto, P. & Mazraeh, H. & Barati, M.E. & Barati, M.A. & Rahnama, A., 2011. "Validation and testing of the AquaCrop model under full and deficit irrigated wheat production in Iran," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 100(1), pages 1-8.
    2. Bai, Shanshan & Kang, Yaohu & Wan, Shuqin, 2020. "Drip fertigation regimes for winter wheat in the North China Plain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    3. Iqbal, M. Anjum & Shen, Yanjun & Stricevic, Ruzica & Pei, Hongwei & Sun, Hongyoung & Amiri, Ebrahim & Penas, Angel & del Rio, Sara, 2014. "Evaluation of the FAO AquaCrop model for winter wheat on the North China Plain under deficit irrigation from field experiment to regional yield simulation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 61-72.
    4. Kadiyala, M.D.M. & Jones, J.W. & Mylavarapu, R.S. & Li, Y.C. & Reddy, M.D., 2015. "Identifying irrigation and nitrogen best management practices for aerobic rice–maize cropping system for semi-arid tropics using CERES-rice and maize models," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 23-32.
    5. A. Mukherjee & A. K. S. Huda, 2018. "Assessment of climate variability and trend on wheat productivity in West Bengal, India: crop growth simulation approach," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 147(1), pages 235-252, March.
    6. Shen, Hongzheng & Wang, Yue & Jiang, Kongtao & Li, Shilei & Huang, Donghua & Wu, Jiujiang & Wang, Yongqiang & Wang, Yangren & Ma, Xiaoyi, 2022. "Simulation modeling for effective management of irrigation water for winter wheat," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    7. Duan, Chenxiao & Li, Jiabei & Zhang, Binbin & Wu, Shufang & Fan, Junliang & Feng, Hao & He, Jianqiang & Siddique, Kadambot H.M., 2023. "Effect of bio-organic fertilizer derived from agricultural waste resources on soil properties and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in semi-humid drought-prone regions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    8. Wang, Ning & Zhang, Tonghui & Cong, Anqi & Lian, Jie, 2023. "Integrated application of fertilization and reduced irrigation improved maize (Zea mays L.) yield, crop water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency in a semi-arid region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    9. Tari, Ali Fuat, 2016. "The effects of different deficit irrigation strategies on yield, quality, and water-use efficiencies of wheat under semi-arid conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 1-10.
    10. Mustafa, S.M.T. & Vanuytrecht, E. & Huysmans, M., 2017. "Combined deficit irrigation and soil fertility management on different soil textures to improve wheat yield in drought-prone Bangladesh," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 124-137.
    11. Gao, Riping & Pan, Zhihua & Zhang, Jun & Chen, Xiao & Qi, Yinglong & Zhang, Ziyuan & Chen, Shaoqing & Jiang, Kang & Ma, Shangqian & Wang, Jialin & Huang, Zhefan & Cai, Linlin & Wu, Yao & Guo, Ning & X, 2023. "Optimal cooperative application solutions of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization for high crop yield and friendly environment in the semi-arid region of North China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    12. Jeong, Hanseok & Jang, Taeil & Seong, Chounghyun & Park, Seungwoo, 2014. "Assessing nitrogen fertilizer rates and split applications using the DSSAT model for rice irrigated with urban wastewater," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1-9.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:10:p:1694-:d:1486979. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.