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Reviewing the Adverse Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Measures on Almond Trees ( Prunus dulcis )

Author

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  • Teresa R. Freitas

    (Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), P.O. Box 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal)

  • João A. Santos

    (Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), P.O. Box 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal)

  • Ana P. Silva

    (Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), P.O. Box 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal)

  • Helder Fraga

    (Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), P.O. Box 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal)

Abstract

Climate change is one of the most emergent environmental challenges, with rising global temperatures, changes in precipitation regimes, and an increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Climate change impacts on the agrarian sector are being experienced across the world and are expected to be aggravated in the upcoming decades. Almond fruits are highly sought after due to their economic and nutritional interest, which contribute to their spread throughout the world. In 2021, the world almond production was approximately 3.9 × 10 6 t with upward of 4.9 × 10 3 t year −1 . Despite being relatively drought- and heat-resistant, this species is also vulnerable to climate change, particularly its production, which is highly dependent on soil water content and air temperature. To address the challenges of climate change, farmers and other stakeholders in the almond industry are increasingly adopting a range of adaptation measures, such as implementing irrigation systems and planting more drought-tolerant almond varieties. This manuscript describes the impacts of climate change on almond cultivation, reviewing the most recent studies on the subject. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of possible adaptation strategies against the potentially negative impacts is carried out, which might be of relevance to almond producers and other stakeholders operating in this value chain.

Suggested Citation

  • Teresa R. Freitas & João A. Santos & Ana P. Silva & Helder Fraga, 2023. "Reviewing the Adverse Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Measures on Almond Trees ( Prunus dulcis )," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:7:p:1423-:d:1197404
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    11. Teresa R. Freitas & João A. Santos & Ana P. Silva & André Fonseca & Helder Fraga, 2023. "Evaluation of historical and future thermal conditions for almond trees in north-eastern Portugal," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 176(7), pages 1-21, July.
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    2. Thu Thuy Cao & Kieu Lan Phuong Nguyen & Hung Anh Le & Gauthier Eppe, 2024. "The Integrating Impacts of Extreme Weather Events and Shrimp Farming Practices on Coastal Water Resource Quality in Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-21, July.

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