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Improving Leaf Photosynthetic Performance of Apple through a Novel Root-Zone Irrigation in the Loess Plateau

Author

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  • Lijian Zheng

    (College of Water Resource Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China)

  • Juanjuan Ma

    (College of Water Resource Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China)

  • Xihuan Sun

    (College of Water Resource Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China)

  • Xianghong Guo

    (College of Water Resource Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China)

Abstract

As freshwater becomes an increasingly scarce and expensive natural resource, novel water-saving irrigation methods for dwarfing apple orchards are needed in the Loess Plateau. However, studies are lacking on the effects of novel root-zone irrigation technology on leaf-level photosynthesis, which directly determines the yield and survival ability of trees. In this study, the leaf gas characteristics and water status of five-year-old dwarfing apple trees in the Loess Plateau of China were monitored during the 2016–2017 growing seasons under water storage pit irrigation (WSPI) and surface irrigation (SI) treatments. Under WSPI, the leaf water potential (Ψm), net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), and chlorophyll content (Chl) were significantly higher than those under SI (by 12.21–28.36%), while non-photochemical quenching, superoxide dismutase, and sucrose were lower. Compared with SI, WSPI improved dwarfing apple yield by 25.4% and 26.7% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. WSPI increased the photosystem II (PSII) activity by increasing the chlorophyll fluorescence features (the potential quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), actual quantum yield (ΦII), photochemical quenching (qP), and electron transport rate (ETR)). Principal component analysis showed that Ψm, Chl, the chlorophyll fluorescence features (qP, ΦII, and ETR), Pn, and gs could represent the leaf photosynthetic difference between WSPI and SI treatments. Results indicated that apple under WSPI could improve its yield through enhancing leaf photosynthetic performance, and water storage pit irrigation is an effective root-zone irrigation method for apple orchards on the Loess Plateau.

Suggested Citation

  • Lijian Zheng & Juanjuan Ma & Xihuan Sun & Xianghong Guo, 2022. "Improving Leaf Photosynthetic Performance of Apple through a Novel Root-Zone Irrigation in the Loess Plateau," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:9:p:1362-:d:904276
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nazari, Ehsan & Besharat, Sina & Zeinalzadeh, Kamran & Mohammadi, Adel, 2021. "Measurement and simulation of the water flow and root uptake in soil under subsurface drip irrigation of apple tree," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    2. Zhang, Binbin & Hu, Yajin & Hill, Robert Lee & Wu, Shufang & Song, Xiaolin, 2021. "Combined effects of biomaterial amendments and rainwater harvesting on soil moisture, structure and apple roots in a rainfed apple orchard on the Loess Plateau, China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    3. Song, Xiaolin & Gao, Xiaodong & Zhao, Xining & Wu, Pute & Dyck, Miles, 2017. "Spatial distribution of soil moisture and fine roots in rain-fed apple orchards employing a Rainwater Collection and Infiltration (RWCI) system on the Loess Plateau of China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 170-177.
    4. Hernandez-Santana, V. & Fernández, J.E. & Cuevas, M.V. & Perez-Martin, A. & Diaz-Espejo, A., 2017. "Photosynthetic limitations by water deficit: Effect on fruit and olive oil yield, leaf area and trunk diameter and its potential use to control vegetative growth of super-high density olive orchards," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 9-18.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ruifeng Sun & Juanjuan Ma & Xihuan Sun & Lijian Zheng & Jiachang Guo, 2023. "Responses of the Leaf Water Physiology and Yield of Grapevine via Different Irrigation Strategies in Extremely Arid Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, February.

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