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Study on Water Suitability of Apple Plantations in the Loess Plateau under Climate Change

Author

Listed:
  • Xuerui Gao

    (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Ai Wang

    (College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yong Zhao

    (State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China)

  • Xining Zhao

    (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China)

  • Miao Sun

    (College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China)

  • Junkai Du

    (State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China)

  • Chengcheng Gang

    (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China)

Abstract

With the implementation of the Grain for Green Project, the apple plantation area is increasing in Loess Plateau. However, due to severe water scarcity, the sustainability of apple tree growth is threatened. In this paper, we used meteorological data (1990–2013) and forecasted climate data (2019–2050) to estimate water demand and establish a water suitability model to study the water balance between available water and water consumption of the apple trees. The results show that: (i) the order of the average water demand of apple plantation in each subarea is Shaanxi Province > Yuncheng area > Gansu Province > Sanmenxia Region, ranging from 500 to 950 mm; (ii) the temporal variability of water suitability from 1990 to 2013 is large, and the higher values are concentrated in the late growth stage of the apple trees and the lower values are concentrated in the early growth stage; (iii) the temporal and spatial distribution of water suitability is relatively stable and even in the Loess Plateau in the period of 2019–2050; (iv) the water suitability is mainly affected by effective precipitation and reference evapotranspiration and the reference evapotranspiration is mainly affected by the solar radiation (36%) and average temperature (38%). Furthermore, due to the joint influence of precipitation increases and solar radiation (average temperature) increases, the future water suitability of the apple plantation area in the Loess Plateau is showing a non-significant downward trend under RCP4.5 scenario.

Suggested Citation

  • Xuerui Gao & Ai Wang & Yong Zhao & Xining Zhao & Miao Sun & Junkai Du & Chengcheng Gang, 2018. "Study on Water Suitability of Apple Plantations in the Loess Plateau under Climate Change," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:11:p:2504-:d:181561
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Drew Shindell & Greg Faluvegi & Larissa Nazarenko & Kevin Bowman & Jean-Francois Lamarque & Apostolos Voulgarakis & Gavin A. Schmidt & Olga Pechony & Reto Ruedy, 2013. "Attribution of historical ozone forcing to anthropogenic emissions," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 3(6), pages 567-570, June.
    3. Wang, X.C. & Muhammad, T.N. & Hao, M.D. & Li, J., 2011. "Sustainable recovery of soil desiccation in semi-humid region on the Loess Plateau," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(8), pages 1262-1270, May.
    4. Song, Xiaolin & Gao, Xiaodong & Zhao, Xining & Wu, Pute & Dyck, Miles, 2017. "Spatial distribution of soil moisture and fine roots in rain-fed apple orchards employing a Rainwater Collection and Infiltration (RWCI) system on the Loess Plateau of China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 170-177.
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