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Soil Phosphorus Fractionation and Bio-Availability in a Calcareous Soil as Affected by Conocarpus Waste Biochar and Its Acidified Derivative

Author

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  • Mutair A. Akanji

    (Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Munir Ahmad

    (Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohammad I. Al-Wabel

    (Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abdullah S. F. Al-Farraj

    (Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Biochar possesses more profound effects on the availability of soil P in acidic soil than in alkaline and/or calcareous soil, mainly due to P fixation. Therefore, biochar derived from Conocarpus waste (BC) was acidified with sulfuric acid to produce acidified biochar (ABC) and incorporated into a calcareous soil planted with alfalfa in order to investigate P availability and fractionation. Additionally, the changes in some other soil chemical properties were investigated. Both BC and ABC were applied at three rates (0%, 2.5%, and 5%) along with P fertilizer application at four rates (0, 75, 150 and 300 ppm). The results showed that acidification remarkably reduced the pH of ABC by 6.84 units. The application of ABC considerably lowered the soil pH; however, it did not significantly increase P availability in the studied soil. Furthermore, BC, especially at a higher application rate, increased the extractable soil K. Similarly, the amendments increased the soil cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) and soil organic matter (OM), where a profound increase was observed at a higher application rate in the case of soil OM. Similarly, soil-available micronutrients were increased over the control, where a more profound increase was observed in soils treated with ABC. The NaHCO 3 − P (exchangeable) fraction increased with increasing fertilizer application rate while the residual–P decreased. Therefore, BC and ABC could be used to improve soil quality and enhance soil nutrient availability. However, further studies are required on how to significantly improve soil available P in calcareous soil.

Suggested Citation

  • Mutair A. Akanji & Munir Ahmad & Mohammad I. Al-Wabel & Abdullah S. F. Al-Farraj, 2022. "Soil Phosphorus Fractionation and Bio-Availability in a Calcareous Soil as Affected by Conocarpus Waste Biochar and Its Acidified Derivative," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-35, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:12:p:2157-:d:1003724
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bogdan Saletnik & Grzegorz Zagula & Marcin Bajcar & Maria Czernicka & Czeslaw Puchalski, 2018. "Biochar and Biomass Ash as a Soil Ameliorant: The Effect on Selected Soil Properties and Yield of Giant Miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-24, September.
    2. Tan, Zhongxin & Lagerkvist, Anders, 2011. "Phosphorus recovery from the biomass ash: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(8), pages 3588-3602.
    3. Mahmoud El-Sharkawy & Ahmed H. El-Naggar & Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail & Adel M. Ghoneim, 2022. "Acid-Modified Biochar Impacts on Soil Properties and Biochemical Characteristics of Crops Grown in Saline-Sodic Soils," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-21, July.
    4. Mutair A. Akanji & Adel R. A. Usman & Mohammad I. Al-Wabel, 2021. "Influence of Acidified Biochar on CO 2 –C Efflux and Micronutrient Availability in an Alkaline Sandy Soil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-12, May.
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    1. Basma Baccari & Abdelmajid Krouma, 2023. "Rhizosphere Acidification Determines Phosphorus Availability in Calcareous Soil and Influences Faba Bean ( Vicia faba ) Tolerance to P Deficiency," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, April.

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