IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jagris/v12y2022i11p1923-d973633.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Effects of Irrigation, Topping, and Interrow Spacing on the Yield and Quality of Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Fibers in Temperate Climatic Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Ivana Bajić

    (Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

  • Borivoj Pejić

    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

  • Vladimir Sikora

    (Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

  • Mirjana Kostić

    (Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Aleksandra Ivanovska

    (Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Biljana Pejić

    (Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Bojan Vojnov

    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

Abstract

The study was aimed at determining the most suitable irrigation schedule program for hemp grown for fibers by using evaporation from the free water surface (E o ), measured by a Class A pan and related crop plant coefficient (K c ). The experiment, carried out in Vojvodina, a northern part of the Republic of Serbia, included three irrigation regimes: I 1 , I 2 , and I 3 corresponding, respectively, to daily evaporation from an open water surface (E o ), two interrow spacings: RS 1 (12.5 cm) and RS 2 (25 cm), and topped (T) and not topped (NT) variants. The K c values used for the calculation of daily evapotranspiration (ET d ) were 0.42 for April and May and 1.00 (I 1 ), 0.80 (I 2 ), and 0.60 (I 3 ) from June to the harvest. In addition, the nonirrigated (I o ) control variant was also included in the trial. The dioecious fiber hemp variety Marina was used for the trials. Irrigation was carried out by a drip irrigation system and was scheduled based on the water budget method. It started when readily available water (RAW) in the soil layer of 0.4 m was completely depleted by the plants. In the first year of the study, irrigation did not influence the yield of hemp fiber, but in the second one, the best result was achieved for the irrigation variant I 1 . Interrow spacing did not have a statistically significant effect on both the hemp fiber yield and the quality. The topping of plants significantly decreased the yield of hemp, and it is not recommended when the hemp is cultivated for fibers. The quality of the hemp fibers was not influenced by irrigation, inter-row spacing, and topping. The rate of hemp evapotranspiration was in an interval of 312 mm (ET a ) to 520 mm (ET m ). The highest values of IWUE and ETWUE in both years and the bark yield in the first year were detected for the I 3 irrigation variant, which suggested that the crop plant coefficient (K c ) of 0.6 could be recommended for the correction of E o values in the calculation of the daily evapotranspiration of hemp (ET d ) from June to August. The yield response factor (K y ) with values of 0.22 and 0.60 for the total growing season reveals that, in rainy years, hemp for fiber production could be grown without irrigation in the temperate climate of the Vojvodina region. However, such years are rare. Without doubt, irrigation of fiber hemp is recommended in the mentioned region in order to obtain high yields of good quality product.

Suggested Citation

  • Ivana Bajić & Borivoj Pejić & Vladimir Sikora & Mirjana Kostić & Aleksandra Ivanovska & Biljana Pejić & Bojan Vojnov, 2022. "The Effects of Irrigation, Topping, and Interrow Spacing on the Yield and Quality of Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Fibers in Temperate Climatic Conditions," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:11:p:1923-:d:973633
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/11/1923/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/11/1923/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ertek, Ahmet & Sensoy, Suat & Gedik, Ibrahim & Kucukyumuk, Cenk, 2006. "Irrigation scheduling based on pan evaporation values for cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown under field conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 81(1-2), pages 159-172, March.
    2. Payero, Jose O. & Melvin, Steven R. & Irmak, Suat & Tarkalson, David, 2006. "Yield response of corn to deficit irrigation in a semiarid climate," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 84(1-2), pages 101-112, July.
    3. Wang, Zhi & Zerihun, Dawit & Feyen, Jan, 1996. "General irrigation efficiency for field water management," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 123-132, April.
    4. Ifeoluwa Adesina & Arnab Bhowmik & Harmandeep Sharma & Abolghasem Shahbazi, 2020. "A Review on the Current State of Knowledge of Growing Conditions, Agronomic Soil Health Practices and Utilities of Hemp in the United States," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-15, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. João Ribeiro & Guilherme Bueno & Manuel Rodríguez Martín & João Rocha, 2023. "Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Hemp Fibers Influenced by Various Parameters," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-12, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gheysari, Mahdi & Mirlatifi, Seyed Majid & Bannayan, Mohammad & Homaee, Mehdi & Hoogenboom, Gerrit, 2009. "Interaction of water and nitrogen on maize grown for silage," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(5), pages 809-821, May.
    2. Motazedian, Azam & Kazemeini, Seyed Abdolreza & Bahrani, Mohammad Jafar, 2019. "Sweet corn growth and GrainYield as influenced by irrigation and wheat residue management," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 224(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Murley, Cameron B. & Sharma, Sumit & Warren, Jason G. & Arnall, Daryl B. & Raun, William R., 2018. "Yield response of corn and grain sorghum to row offsets on subsurface drip laterals," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 357-362.
    4. Eric J Belasco & Joseph Cooper & Vincent H Smith, 2020. "The Development of a Weather‐based Crop Disaster Program," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 102(1), pages 240-258, January.
    5. Kukal, M.S. & Irmak, S., 2020. "Impact of irrigation on interannual variability in United States agricultural productivity," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    6. Wang, Feng & Meng, Haofeng & Xie, Ruizhi & Wang, Keru & Ming, Bo & Hou, Peng & Xue, Jun & Li, Shaokun, 2023. "Optimizing deficit irrigation and regulated deficit irrigation methods increases water productivity in maize," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    7. Qin, Shujing & Li, Sien & Kang, Shaozhong & Du, Taisheng & Tong, Ling & Ding, Risheng & Wang, Yahui & Guo, Hui, 2019. "Transpiration of female and male parents of seed maize in northwest China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 397-409.
    8. Zou, Haiyang & Fan, Junliang & Zhang, Fucang & Xiang, Youzhen & Wu, Lifeng & Yan, Shicheng, 2020. "Optimization of drip irrigation and fertilization regimes for high grain yield, crop water productivity and economic benefits of spring maize in Northwest China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    9. Haoze Zhang & Mingliang Gao & Fuying Liu & Huabin Yuan & Zhendong Liu & Mingming Zhang & Quanqi Li & Rui Zong, 2024. "Characteristic of soil moisture utilisation with different water-sensitive cultivars of summer maize in the North China Plain," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 70(4), pages 210-219.
    10. Zhang, Junwei & Xiang, Lingxiao & Zhu, Chenxi & Li, Wuqiang & Jing, Dan & Zhang, Lili & Liu, Yong & Li, Tianlai & Li, Jianming, 2023. "Evaluating the irrigation schedules of greenhouse tomato by simulating soil water balance under drip irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    11. Karandish, Fatemeh & Šimůnek, Jiří, 2016. "A field-modeling study for assessing temporal variations of soil-water-crop interactions under water-saving irrigation strategies," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 291-303.
    12. Abdelraouf R. E. & H. G. Ghanem & Najat A. Bukhari & Mohamed El-Zaidy, 2020. "Field and Modeling Study on Manual and Automatic Irrigation Scheduling under Deficit Irrigation of Greenhouse Cucumber," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-20, November.
    13. Kukal, M.S. & Irmak, S., 2020. "Characterization of water use and productivity dynamics across four C3 and C4 row crops under optimal growth conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    14. Araya, A. & Gowda, P.H. & Golden, B. & Foster, A.J. & Aguilar, J. & Currie, R. & Ciampitti, I.A. & Prasad, P.V.V., 2019. "Economic value and water productivity of major irrigated crops in the Ogallala aquifer region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 214(C), pages 55-63.
    15. Montoya, F. & García, C. & Pintos, F. & Otero, A., 2017. "Effects of irrigation regime on the growth and yield of irrigated soybean in temperate humid climatic conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 30-45.
    16. Rivera-Hernández, Benigno & Carrillo-Ávila, Eugenio & Obrador-Olán, José Jesús & Juárez-López, José Francisco & Aceves-Navarro, Lorenzo A. & García-López, Eustolia, 2009. "Soil moisture tension and phosphate fertilization on yield components of A-7573 sweet corn (Zea mays L.) hybrid, in Campeche, Mexico," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(9), pages 1285-1292, September.
    17. Karandish, Fatemeh & Šimůnek, Jiří, 2019. "A comparison of the HYDRUS (2D/3D) and SALTMED models to investigate the influence of various water-saving irrigation strategies on the maize water footprint," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 809-820.
    18. Mansouri-Far, Cyrus & Modarres Sanavy, Seyed Ali Mohammad & Saberali, Seyed Farhad, 2010. "Maize yield response to deficit irrigation during low-sensitive growth stages and nitrogen rate under semi-arid climatic conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(1), pages 12-22, January.
    19. Hergert, G.W. & Margheim, J.F. & Pavlista, A.D. & Martin, D.L. & Isbell, T.A. & Supalla, R.J., 2016. "Irrigation response and water productivity of deficit to fully irrigated spring camelina," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 46-53.
    20. Tarkalson, David D. & King, Bradley A. & Bjorneberg, Dave L., 2018. "Yield production functions of irrigated sugarbeet in an arid climate," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 1-9.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:11:p:1923-:d:973633. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.