IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jagris/v11y2021i9p814-d623408.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Assessing the Long-Term Impact of Traditional Agriculture and the Mid-Term Impact of Intensification in Face of Local Climatic Changes

Author

Listed:
  • José Telo da Gama

    (VALORIZA-Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal
    Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre (IPP), 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal)

  • Luis Loures

    (VALORIZA-Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal
    Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre (IPP), 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal)

  • António Lopez-Piñeiro

    (Área de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias—IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Derick Quintino

    (Department of Economics, Administration and Sociology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil)

  • Paulo Ferreira

    (VALORIZA-Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal
    Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre (IPP), 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal
    CEFAGE-UE, IIFA, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal)

  • José Rato Nunes

    (VALORIZA-Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal
    Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre (IPP), 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal)

Abstract

In the Mediterranean basin, edaphic salinization, sodification and alkalinization related to anthropic pressures and climatic changes may hinder the ecosystem sustainability. It is pertinent to study the mid and long-term variability of these soil characteristics in face off the macro agricultural system in use (i.e., irrigation or rain-fed). Four irrigated soils from the Caia Irrigation Perimeter (Portugal), Fluvisols, Luvisols, Calcisols and Cambisols were analysed in the mid-term, from 2002 to 2012, for its available Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + and Na + content. Overall, Ca 2+ , K + and Na + significantly increased during the period of this study by 25%, 8% and 7%, respectively. Soil organic matter (SOM) and pH for the irrigated soils in the area were already assessed in previous studies with the overall SOM remaining constant ( p ≥ 0.05) and pH increasing ( p < 0.01) by 5%. We provide the predictive maps for Na + and the CROSS predictive & HotSpot evolution map from 2002 to 2012. Rain-fed soils were analysed in the long-term, from 1965 to 2012, for their SOM, pH and non-acid cations (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + and Na + ) content. While SOM, pH and the exchangeable Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and K + significantly increased ( p < 0.01) by 23%, 8%, 60%, 21% and 193%, respectively, exchangeable Na + significantly decreased ( p < 0.01) by 50%. These results may be related to the local climate changes as, according to the Thornthwaite classification, it went from sub-humid with great water excess (C1B2s2b4) in the climate normal 1951/1980 to sub-humid with moderate water excess (C1B2sb4) in 1981/2010 to semi-arid with little to none water excess (DB2db4) in 1991/2020. The irrigated areas in this Mediterranean region are slowly departing from sustainable goals of soil conservation and better edaphic management and conservation practices, that address the registered climatic changes in the area, could be adopted.

Suggested Citation

  • José Telo da Gama & Luis Loures & António Lopez-Piñeiro & Derick Quintino & Paulo Ferreira & José Rato Nunes, 2021. "Assessing the Long-Term Impact of Traditional Agriculture and the Mid-Term Impact of Intensification in Face of Local Climatic Changes," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:11:y:2021:i:9:p:814-:d:623408
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/9/814/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/9/814/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Luís Loures & José Gama & José Rato Nunes & António Lopez-Piñeiro, 2017. "Assessing the Sodium Exchange Capacity in Rainfed and Irrigated Soils in the Mediterranean Basin Using GIS," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-12, March.
    2. Lucio Di Matteo & Alessandro Spigarelli & Sofia Ortenzi, 2020. "Processes in the Unsaturated Zone by Reliable Soil Water Content Estimation: Indications for Soil Water Management from a Sandy Soil Experimental Field in Central Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.
    3. Teixeira, R.F.M. & Domingos, T. & Costa, A.P.S.V. & Oliveira, R. & Farropas, L. & Calouro, F. & Barradas, A.M. & Carneiro, J.P.B.G., 2011. "Soil organic matter dynamics in Portuguese natural and sown rainfed grasslands," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 222(4), pages 993-1001.
    4. Smith, C.J. & Oster, J.D. & Sposito, G., 2015. "Potassium and magnesium in irrigation water quality assessment," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 59-64.
    5. Jianping Huang & Haipeng Yu & Xiaodan Guan & Guoyin Wang & Ruixia Guo, 2016. "Accelerated dryland expansion under climate change," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 6(2), pages 166-171, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. José Telo da Gama & Luis Loures & António López-Piñeiro & José Rato Nunes, 2021. "Assessing the Role of Phosphorus as a Macropollutant in Four Typical Mediterranean Basin Soils," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-10, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pedrero, Francisco & Grattan, S.R. & Ben-Gal, Alon & Vivaldi, Gaetano Alessandro, 2020. "Opportunities for expanding the use of wastewaters for irrigation of olives," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    2. Dang, A. & Bennett, J. McL. & Marchuk, A. & Marchuk, S. & Biggs, A.J.W. & Raine, S.R., 2018. "Validating laboratory assessment of threshold electrolyte concentration for fields irrigated with marginal quality saline-sodic water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 21-29.
    3. Chen, Qi & Qu, Zhaoming & Ma, Guohua & Wang, Wenjing & Dai, Jiaying & Zhang, Min & Wei, Zhanbo & Liu, Zhiguang, 2022. "Humic acid modulates growth, photosynthesis, hormone and osmolytes system of maize under drought conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    4. Ma, Shuai & Wang, Liang-Jie & Chu, Lei & Jiang, Jiang, 2023. "Determination of ecological restoration patterns based on water security and food security in arid regions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    5. Abid, Nabila & Ahmad, Fayyaz & Aftab, Junaid & Razzaq, Asif, 2023. "A blessing or a burden? Assessing the impact of Climate Change Mitigation efforts in Europe using Quantile Regression Models," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    6. Khalifa, Sherin & Henning, Christian H. C. A., 2020. "Climate change and civil conflict in SSA and MENA: The same phenomena, but different mechanisms?," Working Papers of Agricultural Policy WP2020-03, University of Kiel, Department of Agricultural Economics, Chair of Agricultural Policy.
    7. Lenka Lackóová & Tatiana Kaletová & Klaudia Halászová, 2023. "Are Drought and Wind Force Driving Factors of Wind Erosion Climatic Erosivity in a Changing Climate? A Case Study in a Landlocked Country in Central Europe," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-18, March.
    8. Haibin Chen & Li He & Haiping Tang & Minjuan Zhao & Liqun Shao, 2016. "A Two-Step Strategy for Developing Cultivated Pastures in China that Offer the Advantages of Ecosystem Services," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-13, April.
    9. Sourav Mukherjee & Ashok Kumar Mishra & Jakob Zscheischler & Dara Entekhabi, 2023. "Interaction between dry and hot extremes at a global scale using a cascade modeling framework," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.
    10. Jinquan Li & Junmin Pei & Changming Fang & Bo Li & Ming Nie, 2024. "Drought may exacerbate dryland soil inorganic carbon loss under warming climate conditions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    11. José Telo da Gama & Luis Loures & António López-Piñeiro & José Rato Nunes, 2021. "Assessing the Role of Phosphorus as a Macropollutant in Four Typical Mediterranean Basin Soils," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-10, October.
    12. João Serrano & Shakib Shahidian & José Marques da Silva & Luís Paixão & Mário de Carvalho & Francisco Moral & Julio Nogales-Bueno & Ricardo F.M. Teixeira & Marjan Jongen & Tiago Domingos & Ana Elisa R, 2021. "Evaluation of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for Estimating Soil Organic Matter and Phosphorus in Mediterranean Montado Ecosystem," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-16, March.
    13. Juan F. Fernández-Manjarrés & Paloma Ruiz-Benito & Miguel A. Zavala & J. Julio Camarero & Fernando Pulido & Vânia Proença & Laetitia Navarro & Roxane Sansilvestri & Elena Granda & Laura Marqués & Mart, 2018. "Forest Adaptation to Climate Change along Steep Ecological Gradients: The Case of the Mediterranean-Temperate Transition in South-Western Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-18, August.
    14. Jinfei Hu & Guangju Zhao & Pengfei Li & Xingmin Mu, 2022. "Variations of pan evaporation and its attribution from 1961 to 2015 on the Loess Plateau, China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 111(2), pages 1199-1217, March.
    15. Zexi Shen & Qiang Zhang & Vijay P. Singh & Yadu Pokhrel & Jianping Li & Chong-Yu Xu & Wenhuan Wu, 2022. "Drying in the low-latitude Atlantic Ocean contributed to terrestrial water storage depletion across Eurasia," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    16. Iwona Gottfried & Tomasz Gottfried & Grzegorz Lesiński & Grzegorz Hebda & Maurycy Ignaczak & Grzegorz Wojtaszyn & Mirosław Jurczyszyn & Maciej Fuszara & Elżbieta Fuszara & Witold Grzywiński & Grzegorz, 2020. "Long-term changes in winter abundance of the barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus in Poland and the climate change – Are current monitoring schemes still reliable for cryophilic bat species?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(2), pages 1-18, February.
    17. Zhaoxia Ye & Aihong Fu & Shuhua Zhang & Yuhai Yang, 2020. "Suitable Scale of an Oasis in Different Scenarios in an Arid Region of China: A Case Study of the Ejina Oasis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-14, March.
    18. Malpede, Maurizio & Percoco, Marco, 2024. "The long-term economic effects of aridification," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    19. Qifei Zhang & Yaning Chen & Zhi Li & Congjian Sun & Yanyun Xiang & Zhihui Liu, 2023. "Spatio-Temporal Development of Vegetation Carbon Sinks and Sources in the Arid Region of Northwest China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-23, February.
    20. Sutie Xu & Sindhu Jagadamma & Jason Rowntree, 2018. "Response of Grazing Land Soil Health to Management Strategies: A Summary Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-26, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:11:y:2021:i:9:p:814-:d:623408. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.